AHSEC| CLASS 12| POLITICAL SCIENCE| SOLVED PAPER - 2012| H.S. 2ND YEAR
2012
POLITICAL SCIENCE (Theory)
Time: 3 hours
The figures in the margin indicate full
marks for the questions
(GROUP – A)
(For New Course)
PART – A
Contemporary World Politics
1. Answer the following: 1x6=6
a)
When did Cold War begin?
Ans: The cold war began in
the year 1945.
b)
How many members signed in UN Charter when it was set up?
Ans: 51 members signed the
UN Charter when it was set up.
c)
Write the full form of SAARC.
Ans: South Asian
Association for Regional Co-operation is the full form of SAARC.
d)
When did India start its economic reform?
Ans: In 1991 India starts
its economic reform.
e)
Who was the leader of Communist Revolution in China?
Ans: Mao-Tse-Tung was the
leader of Communist Revolution in China.
f)
Which event does ‘9/11’ refer to in the context of contemporary
world politics?
Ans: On 11 September 2001,
nineteen hijackers hailing from a number of Arab countries took control over
four American commercial aircraft shortly after takeoff and flew them into
important buildings in the US.
2. Write the names of permanent members of UN Security Council. 2
Ans. The names of the permanent members of Security Council
are – Russia, USA, China, Britain and France.
3. What are the causes of globalization? 2
Ans. The different factors that have facilitated the
occurrence of globalization –
a)
Development in the fields of
science and technology.
b)
Revolution in information
technology and electronic media.
c)
Advances in the field of
transport and communication.
d)
Growth of MNCs and efforts by
developed nations make the whole world, one single market.
4. Name the two places where atom bombs were dropped in the Second
World War. 2
Ans. Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the two
famous places where atom bombs were dropped in the Second World War.
5. Mention two reforms which President Gorbachev initiated in the USSR.
2
Ans. The two reforms which Gorbachev initiated in the USSR
are:
a)
He reforms the economy, catch
up with the west and loosen the administrative system.
b)
Gorbachev initiated the
policies of economic and political reform and democratization within the
country.
6. Environmental issues have become a matter of serious concern in global
politics. Why? 2
Ans. Environmental issues have become a matter of serious
concern in global politics because of the growing focus on environmental issues
within the area of global politics was firmly consolidated at the United Nation
Conference on environment and development. The different conventions like –
Brundtland Report, Rio-Summit, Kyoto Protocol discussed about this issue.
7. Bangladesh was a part of Pakistan from 1947
to 1971. (Fill in the blanks) 2
8. Discuss the role of Non Aligned Movement (NAM) during the Cold War
era. 4
Ans. NAM played on significant role in the
cold war era. The role of NAM can be mentioned the like way –
a)
The policy of Non-Alignment
soughs to promote peace and laid emphasis on peaceful settlement of disputes by
the states.
b)
Nam was entrusted with the
tasks of social and economic reconstruction which could be done only in a world
free from war and tension.
c)
The newly independent countries
were aware of the danger of imperialism. So they wanted to come together and
bring world peace.
d)
The significant role played by
NAM was to maintain peaceful coexistence between nations, condemnation of
racial discrimination etc.
9. What are the four components of traditional notion of security from
external threats? Give examples. 4
Ans. The four components of traditional notion of security are
the following –
1)
Deterrence: This means
preventing an outbreak of major military conflict or war.
2)
Defence: It refers to limiting
or ending the war. Defence also means retaliating a war when it breaks out.
3)
Balanced of Power: A country
which is bigger and stronger may be seen as a threat in future by another
country. Governments are therefore very sensitive to balance of power between
their country and other countries. Balance of power reduces military attacks.
4)
Alliance Building: An alliance
is a coalition of states that coordinate their actions to deter or defend
against military attack. Ideologically aligned countries go for alliance
building especially military regional organizations like NATO, SEATO, Warsaw
Pact to defect their common enemy.9
10. Briefly discuss about the consequences of disintegration of the
USSR. 4
Ans: The following are the two
consequences:
(a) Liquidation of
military blocs: Cold war had triggered massive arms race and accumulation
of nuclear weapons and existence of military blocs. The whole world almost got
divided into two power blocs. But with the disintegration of Soviet Union the
military blocs were liquidated.
(b) Emergence of
uni-polar world: The breakdown of Soviet Union has led to end of bipolarity
and began the era of unipolarity where USA has remained as the sole super
power.
11. What is meant by ‘Global Commons’? Suggest two steps for protection
of ‘Global Commons’. 1+3=4
Ans. The regions of the world which are located outside the
sovereign jurisdiction of anyone state, hence, require common governance by the
international community are termed as ‘Global Commons’. They cover the earth’s
atmosphere, Antarctica, the ocean floor and enter space.
Following are the steps, for the protection of Global commons
–
a)
Antarctic Treaty in 1959.
b)
Montreal Protocol, 1987.
c)
Antarctic Environmental
Protocol 1991.
12. In which year the World Bank was created? Discuss its activities. 1+3=4
Ans:- July 1944 The World Bank was created soon after World
War II.
The
following are the functions of the World Bank:
1)
The World Bank works for human
development, agriculture and rural development, environmental protection,
infrastructure and governance.
2)
It provides loans and grants to
the member countries. In this way it exercises enormous influence on the
economic policies of developing countries.
3)
The World Bank promotes the
long range balanced growth of international trade and maintenance of
equilibrium in the balance of payments by encouraging international investment
of productive resources.
4) To assist in the reconstruction and development of the territories of the members by facilitating investment of capital.
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