AHSEC| CLASS 12| LOGIC & PHILOSOPHY| QUESTION PAPER - 2015| H.S. 2ND YEAR
2015
LOGIC AND
PHILOSOPHY
Full Marks:
100
Pass Marks:
30
Time: Three
hours
The figures
in the margin indicate full marks for the questions.
1. Give very short answer: 1x12=12
a)
“The
premises of an inductive inference offer certainty for the truth of the
conclusion.” – Is it true?
b)
Which of the
following statement is true?
(i) The law of
causation is a material ground of induction.
(ii) Observation and
the law of causation are the formal grounds induction.
(iii) Observation
and experiment are the formal grounds of induction.
(iv) None of the
above statements is true.
c)
“Observation
is finding a fact and experiment is making one.” – Who did say this statement?
d)
Which one of
the following statement is incorrect?
(i) Observation is a
perception with a definite purpose in view.
(ii) Observation is
a perception of natural events.
(iii) Observation is
not a perception of events under natural conditions.
(iv) In observation,
the natural events are not fully under the control of the observer.
e)
Which is the
last stage of hypothesis suggested by Mill’s definition hypothesis?
f)
What is the
meaning of the condition of ‘testability’ of a valid hypothesis?
g)
“When heat
is applied to ice, then ice melts. When heat is not applied to ice, then ice
does not melt. Therefore, heat is the cause of the melting of ice.”
Name the experimental method employed in the
above argument.
h)
“The
possibility of the doctrine of the plurality of causes cannot frustrate the
method of agreement.” – Is it correct?
i)
Who among
the following philosophers is not an idealist?
(i) Berkeley.
(ii) G.E. Moore.
(iii) Bradley.
j)
Name the
philosopher associated with the statement – “Thought and Reality are at bottom
identical”.
k)
What is the
meaning of the Latin word ‘Religare’?
l)
Mention any
one similarity between Religion and Morality.
3. Define bad analogy
with suitable example. 1+1=2
4. State any two
characteristics of analogy. 2
5. Define material
cause with an example. 1+1=2
6. Briefly explain
any one criticism against Mill’s paradox of induction. 2
Or
Why Mill’s paradox of induction
is said to commit the fallacy of petition principia or fallacy or arguing in a
circle?
7. What do you mean by a working hypothesis? 2
8. Briefly explain any one condition of a valid hypothesis with the help
of a suitable example. 2
9. Why do some logicians regard the method of agreement as a method of
single agreement? 2
10. Give a concrete example of joint method of agreement and difference. 2
11. What are primary qualities? Give example. 1+1=2
12. Briefly express any two characteristics of objective idealism. 2
Or
Briefly express any two points
of criticism against objective idealism. 2
13. State any two essential characteristics of religion. 2
14. What is induction? State two differences between deduction and
induction 2+2=4
15. “All inferences are analogical at bottom”. – Explain the significance
of this remark. 4
16. What is a condition? Briefly explain positive and negative condition
with the help of suitable example. 1+3=4
17. What do you mean by fallacy of mal-observation? Distinguish between
individual mal-observation and universal mal-observation with the help of
suitable example. 1+3=4
Or
Distinguish between fallacy of
non-observation of essential instances and fallacy of non-observation of
essential circumstances with the help of suitable example. 4
18. Distinguish between explanatory hypothesis and descriptive
hypothesis. 4
19. What is crucial instance? Briefly explain a crucial instance obtained
by experiment with the help of a suitable example. 2+2=4
20. State two advantages and two disadvantages of the method of
difference. 2+2=4
Or
State two advantages and two
disadvantages of the method of residues. 2+2=4
21. What do you mean by naïve realism? State any two differences between
naïve realism and scientific realism. 2+2=4
Or
What do you mean by naïve
realism? Briefly express any two points of criticism against this type of
realism. 2+2=4
22. Briefly explain any four characteristics of naïve realism. 4
Or
Briefly express any four
characteristics of scientific realism. 4
23. What is habitual action? Why is this type of action regarded as
object of moral judgement? 2+2=4
24. Define the method of agreement in your own words and give a concrete
example of this method where we proceed from effect to cause. Why is this
method called pre-eminently a method of observation? 2+2+2=6
Or
Define the method of residues
in your own words. Why do some logicians regard this method as a method of
deduction? Explain. 2+4=6
25. What is Berkeley’s subjective idealism? On what grounds Berkeley has
said that primary and secondary qualities are inseparable. 2+4=6
Or
Critically discuss objective idealism
of Hegel. 6
26. Briefly discuss any three of the different elements involved in the
mental stage of voluntary actions. 2x3=6
Or
What do you mean by non-moral
actions? Briefly explain any five non-moral actions. 1+5=6
27. Critically explain any one of the following views: 6x1=6
***
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