AHSEC| CLASS 12| EDUCATION| CHAPTER - 1| DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY EDUCATION IN INDIA & ASSAM| SOLVED QUESTIONS FOR 4 MARKS EACH| H.S. 2ND YEAR

AHSEC| CLASS 12| EDUCATION| CHAPTER - 1| DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY EDUCATION IN INDIA & ASSAM| SOLVED QUESTIONS FOR 4 MARK EACH| H.S. 2ND YEAR

DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY EDUCATION IN INDIA & ASSAM

Solved questions for 4 mark each:

(A) Answer the following:

1. What is the significance of 'vocational efficiency' as an objective of secondary education in a democratic country?

Ans: The open university system enhances opportunities for higher education, ensures access, is cost-effective and promotes a flexible and innovative system of education.

With these objectives the Indira Gandhi National Open University was established and came into existence in September, 1985. The university is entrusted with the responsibility of coordinating the distance education system in the country and setting its standards.

2. What are the suggestions made by Kothari Commission to relate productivity and education? Exam paper - 2016

Ans: The Kothari Commission recommended education and productivity as one of the national objectives of education.

If education is related to productivity, then expansion of education will increase national income. The study of science has to be made an integral part of education at school and university level. At the same time 'work experience' should be introduced as an important aspect of education and may be oriented to the application of science and production processes, including technology, industrialization and agriculture. There is a need for vocationalisation of education, especially at the secondary level.

3. What are the impacts of Secondary Education Commission on secondary education system Assam? Exam paper - 2013

Ans: The Board of Secondary Education of Assam was established in 1962 as a result of the recommendations of the Mudaliar Commission 1952-53. Since then, the controlling power of secondary education came under the Board of Secondary Education of Assam. The office of the board is located at Guwahati. During this, 67 high schools were upgraded to higher secondary schools on the basis of the recommendation of the Mudaliar Commission. The Board of Secondary Education Assam regulates two examinations since its inception. The first is the High School Learning Certificate Examination and the second is the Higher Secondary Examination which is currently controlled by the Assam Council of Higher Secondary Education.

As per the recommendation of Mudaliar Commission Govt. It was decided to convert some high schools of Assam into multipurpose schools.

4. Write four provisions of Assam Secondary education Act, 1961. Exam paper - 2017, 2020

Ans: The Assam Secondary Education Act 1961 has four provisions:

(i) It extends to the whole of Assam.

(ii) The University or any Board shall have no controlling authority over secondary schools recognized by the Government.

(iii) the Government shall, by a special notice, constitute a Board of Secondary Education for the control, management and development of secondary education.

(iv) The Secretary of the Board shall be appointed by the Government.

5. Discuss the administrative problems of secondary education in Assam.

Ans: Some of the important problems of secondary education in Assam are as follows:

(i) Lack of mass appeal: Secondary education does not have mass appeal. We have given priority to primary education as well as higher education. But secondary education has not been given proper attention.

(ii) Lack of adequate resources or finance: Finance is the biggest constraint in the field of secondary education in Assam. financial

The allocation for secondary education is not adequate. Hence, it is a challenge for our educational planners as they have to work under the increasing number and limited resources available for the same. Therefore, its quality remains poor.

(iii) Unplanned expansion: Unplanned expansion is another important problem of secondary education in Assam. Now primary education has lost its functional value and the social demand for secondary education is increasing. Government and private agencies tried to meet the social demand for secondary education by opening more and more schools. Many of these schools were allowed to function at substandard levels, leading to dilution of standards.

(iv) Inappropriate Curriculum: The secondary school curriculum is not appropriate to meet the needs of the students as well as the students.

Society. The curriculum of secondary education is not related to the real and practical life of the students. They follow the syllabus mechanically without interest.

(v) Defective teaching methods: We will not find dynamic methods followed in any secondary school. The average teacher suffers from a lack of professional preparation. The current education system is rigid and does not encourage initiative, creativity and experimentation.

(vi) Defective Text Books: The quality of text books, teacher guides and teaching materials is not satisfactory.

(vii) Improper Evaluation System: The evaluation system of secondary education is not free from evil. It is basically the dominance of external examination.

(viii) Lack of Competent Teacher: The quality of teaching material in the schools is not satisfactory. The situation is alarming in many privately run schools.

6. Write short notes on- (preferably eight sentences for each)

(a) Higher Secondary Education Council.

(b) 10+2+3 system.

(c) Vocationalization of secondary education. Exam paper - 2020

(d) Kothari Commission and Secondary education in Assam.

Ans: (a) Council of Higher Secondary Education: Based on the recommendations of the Kothari Commission, the Government of Assam constituted the Assam Council of Higher Secondary Education in 1984. Consequently, all the responsibilities of higher secondary education (management, control and administration). Transferred from Board of Secondary Education, Assam-to Assam Council of Higher Secondary Education. These councils have the power of preparation and publication of text books, syllabus formulation and management of examinations. In the year 1986, a new education policy was prepared. Based on this policy, a Navodaya Vidyalaya was established in each district of Assam for the development of secondary education among the meritorious children of the village level.

(b) 10+2+3 System: The Education Commission of 1964-66 is the first education commission to deal with all aspects of education in the country. The Education Commission has practically rejected the 11-year higher secondary stage. The commission has reverted to the old pattern of 10 years of schooling followed by a two-year intermediate course known as Higher Secondary School. Technical schools will also be set up separately in different areas or as multipurpose schools. According to this commission, a large number of schools were established to cater to the needs of children with disabilities. The recommendations of the Kothari Commission were somewhat better in this regard.

Like all other reports, the report is sensible in parts but high-sounding and unrealistic. For example, it was not the job of the commission to make recommendations on the language of administration and the language of inter-state communication. Education in moral and spiritual values is rightly emphasized by the commission, but the study of different religions as a means to this may be objected to by many. When the report of the Education Commission was published for the first time in 1966, people expressed great hopes. Already, 27- years have passed and practically nothing has been done to achieve the targets recommended by the Commission. The commission did not make any useful suggestions on the source of finance on which the implementation of the recommendations solely depended.

Taking all things into consideration, we can say that the report of the Education Commission is an honest attempt to reform the existing system.

In all aspects of education and at all stages. If this can be implemented, it will remove some of the major defects of our education system.

(c) Vocationalisation of Secondary Education: The new education policy emphasized on Vocationalisation of education. As far as possible, education should be given in the national environment. The child must acquire some skill in some area of his interest. This is necessary for a happy life in future. In view of this, in this new education policy, it has been advocated to include scientific and technical subjects in the curriculum. The policy specifically states that not more than 50 per cent students should opt for literacy in class X and the rest should be encouraged to study various vocational courses as per their interest. This type of commercialization of education will reduce the problem of unemployment, because then the educated person will not depend only on some service and will be able to use the acquired skills to earn his bread.

(d) Kothari Commission and Secondary Education in Assam: Based on the recommendations of the Kothari Commission Govt. of Assam constituted the Assam Council of Higher Secondary Education in 1984. As a result, all the responsibilities of higher secondary education were transferred from the Board of Secondary Education of Assam. -To-Assam Council of Higher Secondary Education. These councils have the power of preparation and publication of text books, syllabus formulation and management of examinations. This commission also emphasized on Vocationalisation of secondary education. As a result, various courses were introduced at the secondary level.

7. Suggest four measures to overcome the problems of secondary education in Assam. Exam paper - 2015

Ans: (i) Provision of educational and vocational guidance.

(ii) Better method of teaching.

(iii) Reforms in text books.

(iv) Improvement of buildings and equipment.

8. Discuss the appointment of Kothari Commission.

Ans: The Kothari Commission was appointed with the following conditions.

(i) To develop a national system of education keeping in view the values and traditions of the country.

(ii) Qualitative improvement in education at all levels.

(iii) To make education the key to national prosperity and welfare.

(iv) Survey of education as a whole.

9. Find out the circumstances which necessitated the appointment of Mudaliar Commission.

Ans: The progress and expansion of secondary education in the country in the post-independence period makes an interesting study. It is generally accepted that at the time of independence, the pace of expansion of education at the secondary level was quite satisfactory. But the overall qualitative improvement presented the picture of the factory. There were some inherent flaws in this system. The need for immediate reform in secondary education was indirectly pointed out by Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru in his inaugural address to the members of CABE. In the first meeting of the Board after independence. Circumstances necessitated the appointment of the Mudaliar Commission.

10. "Our secondary education remains the weakest link in our educational system" - How did the Mudaliar Commission support this view?

Ans: (i) The Mudaliar Commission, popularly known as the Secondary Education Commission, recorded the following major faults for the membership that- "Our education is the weakest link in our educational machinery".

(ii) Secondary education is different from real life.

(iii) It fails to instil confidence in the students.

(iv) The present secondary education is narrow and one-sided.

(v) The standard of secondary education is falling day by day due to overcrowded classes.

(vi) The secondary level tracking method is also deficient.

(vii) The examination system at the secondary level is also deficient.

(viii) The present system of secondary education has created frustration among the teachers and is on the verge of collapse.

11. Discuss the proposals of the National Policy on Education, 1986 regarding vocationalisation of secondary education.

Ans: The proposals of the National Policy of Education 1986 related to the vocationalisation of secondary education are as follows-

(i) Vocational programs for +2 students will be started on pilot basis on a limited scale in different states by the State Vocational Education Department.

(ii) Programs at +2 level will be prepared by SCERT/SNES in the light of the guidelines prescribed by NCERT:

(iii) To provide more opportunities to students for 10+ professional courses in engineering and technology, 100 more vocational institutes will be set up.

(iv) JCVE will provide stipend for paid apprenticeship in appropriate industries to 70% graduates of higher secondary vocational stream in a phased manner.

(v) Advanced Diploma programmes, and degree programmes, and degree programs to be started in selected polytechnics affiliated colleges and universities as well as in the proposed specialized institutions.

(vi) State Vocational Education Departments and SCVES will mandatorily frame schemes for this purpose.

(vii) The State Director of Vocational Education shall set up career guidance. District Level Cell

(viii) NCERT/CIVE, SCERT, RCES, CDE, TTTI and other institutions will develop bridge/transfer courses as per the guidelines laid down by JVEC, suitable schemes for offering the courses will be developed by SCVES.

12. What are the suggestions made by the National Policy on Education, 1986 to equalize opportunities for education?

Ans: The National Policy on Education, 1986 proposes to lay special emphasis on removing inequalities and equalizing educational opportunity keeping in view the specific needs of those hitherto deprived of equality.

The following aspects of education have been specially considered:

(i) Education for the equality of women: It is set out to use education as an agent of fundamental change in the status of women.

(ii) Education of Scheduled Castes: Non-S.C. Central focus in the educational development of the Scheduled Castes in their equality with the Population at all stages and levels of education.

(iii) Minorities: More attention will be paid to the education of educationally disadvantaged or backward groups. This is necessary to maintain equality and justice.

(iv) Disabled: The new policy proposes to integrate the physically and mentally challenged as equal partners with the general community.

(v) Adult Education: The new policy suggests a massive program of adult and continuing education through various modes and channels, especially in the age group of 15-35 years.

13. Describe the measures suggested by the Kothari Commission for the development of social, moral and spiritual values.

Ans: Education should inculcate social, moral and spiritual values in the students. For these purposes, the commission recommended that students should be provided with well-selected information about each of the major religions through a well-organized curriculum.

However, it must always be kept in mind that the needs of the society and the nation are ever changing and education must be alert to keep pace with these changes.

14. Discuss the objectives of Navodaya Vidyalaya.

Ans: The objectives of Navodaya Vidyalaya are given below:

(i) To fulfill the objective of excellence coupled with equity and social justice.

(ii) To promote national integration by providing opportunities for talented children, largely rural, to live and learn together in different parts of the country.

(iii) To develop one's full potential.

(iv) To be a catalyst for a nationwide program of school reform.

(v) The school shall be residential and free.

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