AHSEC| CLASS 12| EDUCATION| CHAPTER - 1| DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY EDUCATION IN INDIA & ASSAM| SOLVED QUESTIONS FOR 2 MARK EACH| H.S. 2ND YEAR
DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY EDUCATION IN INDIA & ASSAM
Solved questions for 2 mark each:
(A) Give short
answer:
1. Write two
defects of education as pointed out by Mudaliar Commission. Exam paper - 2013
Ans: The
demerits of secondary education system are:
(i) The
prevailing system of Indian secondary education is narrow and one-sided. It has
failed to train the overall personality of the students.
(ii) The
education imparted in our schools is disconnected from life, while the
curriculum designed and presented through traditional methods of teaching do
not give students an insight into the everyday world they are living in.
(iii) Until
relatively recently, English was both the medium of instruction and a
compulsory subject of study.
(iv) The method
of teaching generally practiced failed to instill in the student independence
of thought and initiative in action.
(v) The increase
in the size of classes has greatly reduced the personal contact between
teachers and students.
2. What is
Navodaya Vidyalaya?
Ans:
Recognizing the need to provide quality education to rural children, the
National Policy on Education (NPE-1986) espoused the idea of Navodaya
Vidyalayas (Model Schools) as 'pace-setting institutions'. The policy states:
'It is universally accepted that children with special talents or abilities
should be provided opportunities to advance at a faster pace through quality
education, irrespective of their ability to pay for it. Be too.'
With a view to
fulfill this objective, pace-setting schools are being set up in different
parts of the country on a fixed pattern, but with full scope for innovation and
experimentation. Their overarching objective will be to promote excellence with
equity and social justice (with reservation for SC/ST), by providing opportunities
to talented children from largely rural areas in different parts of the country
to live and learn together National integration has to be promoted. , to
develop their full potential and most importantly, to be the catalyst of a
nationwide program of school reform. The schools will be residential and free.
An autonomous
organization Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti has been set up in the Ministry of Human
Resource Development. These schools are affiliated to the Central Board of
Secondary Education, Delhi.
The central
government bears 100 percent of the cost of running these institutions and it
is the responsibility of the state governments to provide about 30 acres of
land free of cost or at cost.
Eventually, the
central government plans to open one such school in every district. This target
is likely to be achieved by the end of the 7th Five Year Plan in 1990.
3. What is Operation Black Board? Exam paper - 2014
Ans:
Operation Blackboard has been used to convey the idea that the primary school
will be provided with minimum facilities.
This
includes:
(i) two rooms of
sufficient size, which are usable in all weather conditions;
(ii) the
blackboard;
(iii) maps,
charts and other instructional and play materials;
(iv) Tatpatti
(carpet) and other necessary material for the children to sit on;
Initially, at
least two teachers will be appointed for each primary school. More teachers can
be hired later as new classes are added. Cooperation of voluntary
organizations, local bodies and interested individuals will be enlisted in
'Operation Blackboard'. It is also proposed to take steps to acquire land for
the playground attached to the school. Emphasis has been laid on making
affordable building designs keeping in mind the agro-climatic conditions and
using locally available materials. Establishment of Village Education
Committees, which will inter alia be responsible for the maintenance of school
buildings, is also envisaged. As far as financial resources for implementing
the program are concerned, the construction of buildings required for primary
schools will be the first charge on the funds related to the ongoing schemes of
NREP and RLEGP. The central government will bear the entire cost of the
operation.
4. What is ECCE? Exam paper - 2015, 2017
Ans: The
term Early Childhood Care and Education has been used in place of pre-primary
or nursery education in the National Policy of Education. The National
Education Policy emphasizes on the holistic nature of child development such as
nutrition, health and social, mental, physical, moral and emotional
development. Early childhood care and education will receive high priority and
be suitably integrated with the Integrated Child Development Services program
wherever possible.
5. What are the objectives of Navodaya Vidyalaya? Exam paper - 2013
Ans: The objectives
of Navodaya Vidyalaya are:
(i) To provide
quality education to rural children to develop their full potential.
(ii) To promote
excellence with equity and social justice.
(iii) To promote
national integration by providing opportunities to talented children.
(iv) Living and
learning together and being the catalyst for a nationwide program of school
reform.
6. Mention
one of the suggestions made by the new National Education Policy, 1986
regarding examination reforms.
Ans: (i)
Grades should be given instead of marks.
7. Write the
structure of education suggested by the Education Commission 1964.
Ans: The
structure of education suggested by the Education Commission 1964 is as
follows:
(i) Division of
educational pyramid into different levels of stages and their
interrelationship.
(ii) The period
covered by the various phases.
(iii) Quality of
teachers, curriculum, methods of teaching, evaluation, equipment and
infrastructure.
(iv) Their
optimum utilization of available resources. The restructuring is spread over a
period of 20 years.
The new
academic structure will include:
(i) One to three
years of pre-school education.
(ii) a ten-year
period of general education which may be sub-divided into a primary stage of
7-8 years (a) lower primary stage (4-5 years) and upper primary stage (2 or 3
years) and 3 or 2 years of lower secondary level or general education or one to
three years of vocational education.
(iii) Higher
Secondary stage of general education of two years or vocational education of
one to three years.
(iv) a higher
educational stage of three years or more for the first degree followed by
courses of varying duration for the second and research degrees.
(v) Secondary
schools should be of two types – high schools offering a ten-year course and
higher secondary schools offering an 11- or 12-year course.
The age of
admission in class I should not be less than 6 years. School's first. At the
end of 10 years there will be a new public examination Higher secondary
curriculum starting from class XI should be established and pre-university
courses should be transferred from universities to class XI and XII, providing
specialized studies in various subjects Needed Secondary school.
8. What does
it mean to separate job from degree?
Ans: The
National Policy of Education 1986 suggested de-linking of degrees from jobs in
selected sectors. If the requirement of a degree to get a job is removed, many youths
will automatically refrain from pursuing higher education. Thus, there will be
less crowd of candidates for admission in colleges and universities. A degree
should not be considered a pre-requisite for a job that is not directly related
to it.
9. Why is
secondary education considered as nation building education?
Ans:
India's secondary education helps in the democratic building of the country.
Social values, citizenship training, leadership qualities, vocational training
are imparted which builds a better society. It helps in the development of
economy and development of democratic thoughts of the student.
10. What is meant by national education system? Exam paper - 2016
Ans: The
Kothari Commission of India seeks to make education one of the strongest tools
to help achieve the goal of life and lay down the laws of life so as to help
achieve national objectives.
11. Write the
structure of primary education suggested by the Education Commission, 1964.
Ans: (a)
One to three (0 to 3) years of elementary or pro-school education.
(b) General
education period of zen (10) years where the primary stage should be from seven
to eight (07-8) years. This primary stage should again be divided into two
stages i.e. lower primary stage of four to five (04-5) years and upper primary
stage of two to three (02-03) years. To provide work-oriented education, there
should be a lower secondary level of three or two (03-02) years of general
education or one to three (01-03) years of vocational education.
(c) The entry
age or entry age in Class I of the primary level should not be less than six
(06) years.
12. Write the
structure of secondary education suggested by the Education Commission 1964.
Ans: The
structure of secondary education suggested by the Education Commission 1964.
(i) General
education should fasten to a period of 10 years—4 years lower primary, 3 years
upper primary and 3 years lower secondary education.
(ii) One to three
years of pre-school education (Classes A-B-C)
(iii) Four to
five years of lower primary education (Classes I-IV)
(iv) three or two
years of upper primary education (Classes V-VII)
(v) Three or two
years of lower secondary level (Classes VIII-X)
(vii) Two years
of Higher Secondary
(viii) Three
years degree course followed by courses of varying duration for higher studies.
13. What is meant by commercialization of education? Exam paper - 2014
Ans:
Vocationalization of education refers to those aspects of the educational
process which include, in addition to general education, the study of technologies
and related sciences and the acquisition of practical skills, knowledge and
understanding related to professions in various spheres of national life.
14. What were the suggestions of National Policy of Education. 1986 regarding status and responsibility of teachers? Exam paper - 2019
Ans: Good
and relevant training should be given based on the skill. Skilled people will
be attracted to the teaching profession, arrangements should be made for
in-service and pre-service training. Training should be experience oriented.
Educational complexes should be set up.
15. What is
work experience?
Ans: Work
experience is participation in productive work at school, at home, in a
workshop, on a farm, at a factor, or in any other productive situation.
16. What was
the underlying purpose that led to the finalization of the NPC?
Ans: “As
the County has reached a stage in its economic and technological development, a
major effort must be made to derive maximum benefit from the assets already
created and ensure that the fruits of transformation reach all sections.
Education is the highway to its goal.
This was the
underlying objective that led to the finalization of NPE.
17. What is
the key to the National Education System as envisioned by the NPC, 1986?
Ans:
Education is an investment in the present and future, this principle is the key
to the National Policy on Education.
18. Mention
any two suggestions given by NPE-1986 regarding examination reforms.
Ans: (i)
Special teaching learning materials. (ii) Special Coaching
19. Why did
the Mudaliar Commission consider the then secondary education as narrow and
one-sided?
Ans: The
present secondary education is narrow and one-sided. Thus, it fails to train
the overall personality of the students.
20. Mention
two measures suggested by the Mudaliar Commission to develop leadership
qualities in the students.
Ans: (i)
Secondary education should train individuals to assume leadership
responsibilities in the social, political, industrial and cultural life of
their country or community.
(ii) This
education should provide all the facilities inside or outside the school for
the formation of professional efficiency and good character of the students.
21. What were
the suggestions of the National Education Policy regarding the responsibilities
and status of teachers?
Ans: The
status of a teacher reflects the socio-cultural ethos of the society. The
disciple cannot rise above the level of his teacher. The government and the
community should try to create conditions that help motivate and inspire
teachers on constructive and creative lines. Teachers will continue to play an
important role in the formulation and implementation of educational programmes.
22. What is work experience? Exam paper - 2015
Ans: Work
experience will be considered as an integral part of education. A
well-structured work experience program will be introduced at each stage of
education based on the interest, aptitude and motivation of the students
towards social services.
23. What is
meant by commercialization of education?
Ans:
Vocationalization of education is the need of the hour. This will prepare the
youth to take up some business and earn their livelihood. Vocationalisation
will provide technical and vocational training to young learners.
***
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