AHSEC| CLASS 12| EDUCATION| CHAPTER - 4| LEARNING| SHORT ANSWER| H.S. 2ND YEAR

LEARNING

Solved questions for 1 mark each:

(C) Give Short Answer:

1. Who was the Russian doctor who invented 'learning by conditioning'?

Ans: Ivan Pavlov.

2. Who was the psychologist who introduced the term 'insight' as learning?

Ans: Kohler, Koffka and Wertheimer.

3. What is conditioned response?

Ans: Learning occurs when a conditioned response is associated with another artificial stimulus rather than a natural stimulus.

4. What is unconditional encouragement?

Ans: Under classical conditioning a natural response is transferred to the new stimulus, becoming an unconditioned stimulus.

5. Give an example of behavior that we learn through trial-and-error method.

Ans: e.g., Getting good behavior by erasing your bad behavior.

6. Give an example of behavior that is a result of conditioning.

Ans: Adopting good habits.

7. Write the definition of learning given by Gates.

Ans: According to Gates, "learning to modify behavior through experience and training."

8. What was the unconditioned response in Pavlov's experiment on conditioning?

Ans: The sound of a bell.

9. What is the principle related to trial-and-error method of learning?

Ans: Theory of Relation.

10. Which theory is related to insightful learning?

Ans: Gestalt theory.

11. Mention a common feature of maturation and learning.

Ans: Maturity provides preparation for learning.

12. What is the meaning of insight? Exam paper - 2016

Ans: Insight means seeing the connection or meaning in a situation. Learning through insight expresses that learning is an intellectual activity involving the ability, perception and power of insight of the learner.

13. 'Learning in the modification of behavior through experience and training.' Enter the name of the person associated with Statement.

Ans: Learning in the modification of behavior through experience and training. Write the name of the person related to the statements - Edward Gates.

14. In which of the following cases which learning rules or learning methods work?

(a) practice makes a man perfect

Ans: Practice makes man perfect - the law of exercise.

(b) nothing succeeds like success

Ans: Nothing beats success - the law of readiness.

(c) Meera is praised by her teacher in the class for her good performance in arithmetic. She keeps solving problems on her own.

Ans: Mura is praised by her teacher in the class for her good performance in arithmetic. She keeps solving problems in her own way - the law of effect.

(d) There is no use teaching grammar to a four-year-old Varun.

Ans: There is no use teaching grammar to a four-year-old Varun - the rule of disuse.

(e) The driver of the car stops the car when he sees the red signal at the traffic point. Exam paper - 2015

Ans: The driver of the car stops the car when he sees the red signal at the traffic point - Rule of usage.

(f) The novice is swimming, wasting muscle energy kicking and splashing with his arms.

Ans: A beginner swimmer wastes muscle energy kicking and splashing with his arms - lack of preparation.

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