AHSEC| CLASS 12| EDUCATION| CHAPTER - 4| LEARNING| SOLVED QUESTIONS FOR 3 MARK EACH| H.S. 2ND YEAR

LEARNING

Solved questions for 3 mark each:

1. What is meant by maturity?

Ans: Maturation is a natural process. It is the development that takes place within the individual. Maturational changes are relatively independent of activity, practice, or experiences. Maturation can be thought of as the growth brought about by the development of the nervous and muscular systems. Thus, maturation is considered as a process of growth and development that takes place within the individual without any special training, practice or any other kind of stimulation.

2. What are the major laws of learning?

Ans: The major laws of learning are:

(a) Law of preparation

(b) law of effect

(a) Law of readiness: It says “When a bond is ready to act, there is satisfaction in acting and annoyance in not acting. When a bond that is not ready to act If yes, then there is annoyance.

(b) Law of effect: It states that when a variable association is made between a stimulus and a response and is accompanied or followed by a tolerable state of affairs, the strength of the connection increases, when an aversive condition With or with or after, its strength has diminished."

(c) Law of Exertion: It states – “When a variable relationship is made between a condition and a response, that is, the strength of the relationship, other things being equal, increases. When a condition and A response is not made between variable connections. That's when the strength of the connection decreases."

3. Write three most important characteristics of learning.

Ans: There are two characteristics of learning:

(i) Learning is the gain from experience: In each of our actions, we try to realize our past experience. Action based on past experience can be described as learned activities.

(ii) Learning increases skill and efficiency: Through learning, the skill and efficiency of an individual is developed. Learning helps the individual to adapt to the environmental changes. It is a universal process.

4. Show limits of insightful learning.

Ans: Limitation of Insightful Learning:

(i) Young and immature children are unable to use insight to solve problems. His power of thinking, reasoning and intellect is insufficient to deal with the situation. Dependence and imitation are more active in them.

(ii) Even the common man in the society is unable to use insight. When faced with their problems they usually follow the method of learning by mistake. One wrong move or wrong effort can often solve their problems.

5. Learning by trial and error requires repetition. - explain.

Ans: Trial and error learning is a gradual process that arises from limitations. In the early stages the number of errors and the time taken seem to be very high. Subsequent attempts are in a declining trend. The state of helplessness or the state of blindness gradually overcomes the learner. It has been described as a mechanical method, the essence of which is trial or repetition. Repetition helps to eliminate the wrong and follow the right effort.

6. Distinguish between trial and error and practical learning.

Ans: Trial and error method of learning and learning by insight: According to Thorndike learning comes through trial and error. The individual commits many mistakes in his efforts to adjust himself to a situation. But gradually after many attempts the errors are eliminated and the position gets adjusted correctly. This is the basic idea of the trial-and-error method.

Learning by insight emphasizes the power of seeing the relationships between different parts of a situation. It means understanding the situation as a whole. Kohler envisioned that a person can make insightful decisions if he sees the situation as a whole.

There are many differences between the two methods of learning.

They are:

(i) Trial and error method is a gradual process of learning which results from repetition. Learning through insight does not follow such a mechanical process to reach the solution.

(ii) Trial and error method lays emphasis on the physical aspect of the situation. On the other hand, didactic method emphasizes on the conceptual aspect of learning.

(iii) Trial and error method does not involve high level of mental ability of the learner, whereas insightful learning requires high mental and intellectual ability.

(iv) The result of the trial-and-error method is uncertain and time consuming, whereas the insightful method ensures immediate results.

7. Discuss the relationship between:

(i) Learning and motivation

(ii) Knowledge and understanding of the result

(iii) Learning and difficulty of teaching material

Ans: (i) Learning and Motivation: Motivation is said to be a non-essential factor in learning. In its absence, the learning outcome or output is bound to be small. The meaning of motivation is to create conditions for psycho-physiological readiness to learn. Learning is a self-activity of the learner which requires personal effort, initiative and readiness of mind. Such a mental condition needs to be created in the learner before the beginning of learning.

(ii) Learning and knowledge of the result: Learning depends on the result which depends on the subsequent influence. If the result is satisfactory, the learner is more motivated to repeat it. The consequence of dissatisfaction discourages such repetition of learning.

(iii) Difficulty of Learning and Learning Material: Difficulty in learning is a very important fact. It has been experimentally proven that for easy material the learning curve showed a rapid initial advantage that gradually slowed down and a more slowly increasing initial advantage for difficult material.

8. What do you mean by learning?

Ans: 1st error less learning more from the point of reproducibility. This helps with retention. However, as the degree or learning progresses, the benefits may diminish.

9. Mention the similarities between learning and maturation process?

Ans: Maturation is the change caused by physical growth. It is a process of natural development which involves the growth of cells, tissues and organs of the body. Learning is a mental process that depends on physical development. Learning is impossible without maturity. A two-month-old child cannot be given toy training or a two-year-old child cannot be taught to read again a five-year-old child cannot learn to type. Therefore, maturity of the child is an important condition in learning a new task. So, learning depends on maturity to a great extent.

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