AHSEC| CLASS 12| ENGLISH| CHAPTER - 11| THE ENEMY| SOLVED QUESTIONS FOR 7 MARK EACH| H.S. 2ND YEAR

THE ENEMY

Solved questions for 7 mark each:

(A) LONG ANSWER:

1. Write a character-sketch of Dr. Sadao as depicted in your lesson, 'The Enemy'. Exam paper - 2019

Ans: Dr. Sadao Hoki was the only son of his father. He was highly influenced by his father. His education was the sole concern of his father. For this reason, at the age of twenty-two, he was sent to America to study surgery and medicine. He marries Hana in America after he is convinced that she is Japanese. This reflects Sadao's love for Japan.

Dr. Sadao was a doctor first and something else later. He and Hana find a prisoner of war wounded and bleeding. He immediately filled the wound with sea moss. Sadao was in a dilemma. The injured person was American. Japan was at war with America. If he harboured a white man, he could be arrested. If he handed him over to the police, he would surely die. All Americans were his enemies. Nevertheless, he brought the man home, washed his wounds. He knew that the man would die if he was not operated upon.

Dr. Sadao and his obedient wife had to face the anger and displeasure of their servants. Yumi didn't want to bathe a white man. The old gardener thought that his master should have let Whitman die. Dr. Sadao ignored all these warnings. He heeded the call of his profession and operated on a prisoner of war.

Dr. Sadao's heart swelled with human kindness. In order not to arrest Tom, she makes elaborate arrangements for his escape. He put his boat ashore with food and extra clothes. He sacrificed it all at great risk to himself and his wife. He could even lose his life for giving shelter to the enemy and making arrangements for his escape. He rushed to the spot and did what only a dedicated doctor could do under the circumstances.

2. How did Sadao and Hana see the man crawling on his hands and knees? Why did they bring him inside the house?

Ans: Sadao and Hana were standing outside their house. Soon they saw something black coming out of the mist. It was a man thrown out to sea. The man was crawling on his knees. Then lay there. They mistook him for a fisherman. Perhaps he was swept off his boat. He was a white man. A rough yellow beard framed his young and tortured face. The lighter letters on his hat showed that he was a sailor in the "U.S. Navy". In short, he was a soldier of a hostile country. Japan was at war with the US and therefore was an enemy.

Dr. Sadao and Hana were at a loss. If they sheltered a Whitman in their home, they could be arrested. If he is handed over to the police, he will surely die. "The kindest thing would be to put him back in the sea". If the man was healthy, he could have handed him over to the police without any trouble. But he was a doctor and was trained to save the life of even a dying enemy. So, he decided to take her into the house and save her from dying.

3. What struggle did Dr. Sadao and his wife Hana face before the doctor could operate on the wounded American soldier?

Ans: Dr. Sadao and his wife Hana were in a state of conflict for a long time. They could not throw a wounded man back into the sea. If they had given him shelter in their house, they could have been arrested. Handing him over to the police would have meant throwing him to death. They were in a state of fierce struggle. Ultimately, the duty of a doctor overcame all other petty considerations. The servants revolted at the thought of serving a white man. Hana herself washed the wound. Dr. Sadao decided to operate on Tom.

Hana obeyed her husband without saying anything. Hana was to provide aesthetics if the patient needed it. The doctor made a clean and precise incision. The bullet had gone out. Finally, Dr. Sadao declares: "This man will live in spite of everything". So, Dr. Sadao saved a dying man. The love for humanity and the ethics of a doctor won over petty racial considerations.

4. Why and how did Dr. Sadao help the prisoner of war to escape? Do you find him guilty of harbouring the enemy?

Ans: Dr. Sadao gave new life to the American prisoner of war. He didn't want to put her to death again. He asked the young soldier to take his private boat at night. He must swim under the cover of darkness to a small uninhabited island nearby. The young American could have stayed there until he saw a Korean fishing boat passing by. Food, bottled water and two quilts were kept inside the boat. If the food ran out, it could signal two flashes.

He didn't have to signal in the dark because he could be seen. The youth descended into the darkness of the American Garden and fled. The prisoner got out quite safely.

No, Dr. Sadao cannot be held guilty of harbouring the enemy. Of course, citizens of warring countries are considered enemies. But we must not forget that Sadao was a doctor. And for a doctor the first priority is to save a dying man. It doesn't matter if the enemy is going to die.

5. Sadao was an ideal doctor, a pure patriot and a man of clear mind. explain.

Ans: Sadao's life was happy. He was one of the happiest people in Japan during the war. While most of the doctors accompanied the soldiers, Sadao was allowed to stay home with his family. He was richer and enjoyed more freedom and privileges because he was the old general's personal surgeon. The entry of the American soldier was about to take away all his happiness. Sadao could easily ignore the American or hand him over to the police or throw him back into the sea. In them the devoted doctor behaved like a saviour for the dying man. Despite the protests of the servants, he took the man to his house and gave him all medical help. He constantly visited the man and made sure that he was getting better. Once the American is completely out of danger, the Doctor dies in Sadao and the perfect, patriotic Japanese is born. Suddenly he became the enemy and started planning to kill the American enemy. He waited each night for the general's personal assassins and was dismayed to find in the morning that the American was still alive. His nights became sleepless. After going through this depressing time, Sadao eventually moved on to his next and final person; He wanted to save the American once again. This time it was neither for the fun of showing off his surgical skills, nor to get rid of his enemy. This time he did it because he realized that the concept of the enemy was abstract. He broke down the barriers of parochialism and became a universal brother. Thus, Sadao was an ideal doctor, an ideal enemy and an ideal human being.

6. What was the general's plan to get rid of the American prisoner? Was it carried out? What character traits of the general are highlighted in the text?

Ans: Dr. Sadao informed the General about the presence of the American prisoner at his house. The General decides that his personal assassins will take care of him and even take his body away. Sadao agreed to the general's proposal. However, the general's assassins did not arrive for the next three days. As a result, the general's plan was not implemented. Sadao spent three restless nights waiting for the assassins; Eventually, he helped the prisoner escape.

When Sadao informs the general of the prisoner's escape, the general replies that he is ill and thus has forgotten the whole matter. He further wanted Sadao not to tell anyone about this.

This shows that the General was extremely selfish. He was only concerned about his safety and pride. Furthermore, he did not send Sadao to the battlefield as he himself needed his services. He considered himself more important than the lives of thousands of soldiers.

7. Do you think the title 'The Enemy' is apt? Give reasons in support of your answer.

Ans: The title 'The Enemy' is quite apt and highly evocative. It focuses our attention on a wounded man who accidentally winds up on the doorstep of Dr. Sadao Hoki, a famous Japanese surgeon during the war.

The Japanese pair's first reaction is typical of the average, patriotic Japanese who hates their white enemies. However, the doctor in Sadao tells him to bring the man inside his house and cure him. The Doctor's involvement with the white enemy upsets the domestic staff who show open defiance and resistance. By giving shelter to the enemy, the doctor faces a serious threat to his position, safety, name, fame and family. He could be condemned as a traitor and executed. Against all odds, the doctor finds himself emotionally unable to hand her over to the police. He has no love for man. He regards him as his enemy, yet he cannot kill him. He tells the old general how he operated on the white man and saved him. His. The General praises everyone for his skill, hoping for a successful operation of his own in his own hand and promises to kill the man for him.

The doctor faces a lot of stress - mental, emotional and physical. He spends sleepless nights waiting for killers who never wake up. Meanwhile, the 'enemy' recovers and the doctor hatches a plan to let him escape in order to get rid of him. At the end of the story, he is left wondering why he could not kill the man.

8. Why did Sadao Hoki go to America? Tell me about your experiences there.

Ans: Sadao's education was his father's main concern. Sadao Hoki went to America to study surgery and medicine as it was his father's wish. Considering himself superior to them, he had great difficulty in finding a place to live in it. An ignorant and dirty old woman finally agreed to keep him in her miserable house. He found her repulsive even in her kindness.

His experience of living in America was not great but he was thankful that there were some good professors who taught him so well. Furthermore, he was grateful to the professor at whose house he met Hana and took an instant liking to her. But he did not like the smell of their food, their small room, and their professor's wife, who was very talkative, although she tried very hard to be kind.

Initially, he faced great difficulty in finding a place to live in America because he was a Japanese. He recognized that Americans were full of prejudice and it was a bitter experience for him to live with them.

9. There are moments in life when we have to make a difficult choice between our roles as private individuals and as citizens with a sense of national allegiance. Discuss in the context of the story you have just read.

Ans: A conflict of interest arises when a person in a position of trust, such as a doctor, has a competing interest. Such competing interests may make it difficult to carry out their duties impartially. A conflict of interest can create an appearance of impropriety, as in the story when a white American soldier falls into the hands of a Japanese doctor in enemy territory during World War II. Sadao, the Japanese doctor, dislikes whites and struggles with loyalty issues. Duty, wartime medicine and racism. As a Japanese citizen, it was his duty to hand over the escaped prisoner to the police, while as a doctor, it was his duty to save his life. Sadao saves the enemy by risking his own safety. A doctor never takes into consideration whether the affected person is an enemy or a friend. He is taught to save the life of a dying man. Thus, Sadao's professional loyalty comes into conflict with his sense of national loyalty. His servants leave and the maidservant Yumi rebels. He is afraid of the consequences of giving shelter to the enemy. Not only that, he overcomes his dislike for the Americans, for the time being, and addresses the soldier as 'my friend'. He, then helps the soldier to escape. He put his life at risk. Since the milk of humanity is flowing in his blood, he saves the enemy and helps him escape to freedom.

10. Dr. Sadao was compelled by duty as a doctor to help an enemy soldier. What made his wife Hana sympathetic to him in the face of his open defiance of the domestic servants?

Ans: When Sadao and Hana saw the prisoner of war, they were confused for a moment but the doctor suddenly appeared to Sadao. Dr. Sadao Hoki was a dutiful and humanitarian doctor, he was very much compelled by his duty to help the enemy soldier. He did not pay any attention to whether the patient was an enemy or a friend. Dr. Sadao's wife Hana, on the other hand, was also very devoted, loyal and well-wisher of her husband. Hana also knew that if he left the American there, he would surely die. She could not throw him back into the sea. When Sadao asked if she could turn him in, she said, 'But if you can do it alone...' this clearly shows her reluctance. Dr. Sadao and his wife Hana knew that their humanitarian act of saving a wounded enemy soldier was a serious crime by law and would be questioned by everyone. Dr. Sadao did so because of his sense of duty as a doctor, but his wife Hana did so out of a purely human instinct and apparently out of respect and a sense of duty towards her husband. In the bedroom, Hana covers her with a flowery silk quilt and even washes her when Yumi refuses. She was not easily provoked and had to face open defiance of her domestic servants. He helped Sadao to operate because he was scared yet his 'anger' at Yumi gave him the courage. When the soldier regained consciousness, he panicked. Hana apologizes, serves and reassures him. His pride and self-respect made him shun the servants as he decided to leave them or give in to their pressure. Perhaps, as the servants felt, his stay in America had changed W's attitude and he was not as narrow-minded as the rest. It could also be that they were educated and sensitive human beings, unlike the servants who saw the situation as good or bad.

11. How would you explain the soldier's reluctance to leave the shelter of the doctor's house when he knew he could not stay there without putting the doctor and himself at risk?

Ans: The enemy soldier was given shelter, medical treatment and life support by Dr. Sadao and his wife, though there was strong and vigorous objection by the domestic staff of the house. He was on the verge of death but Dr. Sadao operated on him to save his life. He soon learns that he is out of danger. But he was reluctant to leave the doctor's house as he was out of danger. On the third day of the operation the young man asked Dr. Sadao what he was going to do with him and whether he was going to hand him over to the police as he was a prisoner of war.

The young man noticed that Dr. Sadao and his wife Hana were different from other Japanese. They spoke good English, took care of him and served him food. Seven days after the man's operation, Dr. Sadao was summoned to the palace to meet with the general. Hana thought that the police had come to arrest Dr. Sadao. Dr. Sadao spoke to the General and he (the General) promised to send his personal assassins to kill the man and dispose of his body. Dr. Sadao waited for three nights but nothing happened. then she

decided to let the prisoner escape. He told Tom the Young American about it. The young man looked at her and asked if she had to go. It seemed that he was reluctant to leave. Dr. Sadao told him that he should understand everything clearly. It was not hidden that he was there and that the situation was risky for himself as well as for the doctor and his family. Thus, it is quite clear that the reluctance of the soldier was due to the sole motive of self-preservation. He knew from the treatment he received from the couple that they would save him.

The enemy soldier was aware of his position in the house as his presence was posing grave danger to the doctor as well as himself. He could have been arrested at any time and sentenced to death. Unaware of the scene and being calm, he knew what to do and where to run. So, he was lucky enough to find himself left at the mercy of a very grateful couple. He was well aware of the increasing opposition from the domestic servants but the support of Dr. Sadao and his wife made him not to leave the house. In such difficult circumstances, Dr. Sadao saved the prisoner and helped him to escape.

12. What is the explanation for the ruthless general's attitude towards the enemy soldier? Was it human consideration, a lack of national loyalty, dereliction of duty, or simply self-absorption?

Ans: The General is a strange and distinctive fellow. He is too preoccupied with himself – his being a general, his illness and his fear of death. He seems to have been a very ruthless and brutal army officer who had personal assassins to eliminate his enemies and rebels. The General was a highly self-absorbed man. The General knows that Dr. Sadao is a doctor skilled in the art of surgery. He has to have his own operation the next day. So his demise would be a personal loss of his life. He kept the doctor in the country mainly because he needed medical attention. For the sake of the doctor, he decided to get rid of the soldier. When Sadao told him about the American's successful operation, the general was pleased as it was an assurance of Sadao's professional skills and made Sadao 'all the more important' as he would need his help. His self-absorption again comes to the fore when he asks what would happen if Sadao was condemned to death and had to be operated on the next day. It is clear that the general had no human consideration in this matter. For that an enemy must be annihilated. He wanted the man to be quietly eliminated to save the doctor from being arrested. It was neither lack of national loyalty nor neglect of duty that guided and motivated his decision. It was only a feeling of his self-absorption. He wanted to keep Dr. Sadao safe only for himself. He had no faith in other trained doctors from Germany. He could have to be operated on for a second attack at any time and he had full faith in the skill and loyalty of Dr. Sadao. This fact is further confirmed by the General's comments to Dr. Sadao a week after the emergency operation on the General. Dr. Sadao told them that the man had escaped. The general asked if he had not promised Sadao that he would kill the soldier for him. Dr. Sadao replied that he had not done anything. The general admitted that he had forgotten his promise because he was suffering a lot and thought of nothing but himself. He revealed the whole truth. He acknowledged that it was not a lack of patriotism or neglect of duty on his part.

13. While hatred against a member of the enemy race is justified, especially in times of war, a human being rises above narrow prejudices. Answer with reference to the 'enemy'.

Ans: The feeling of hatred towards the enemy country is created by the system/government. People are made to hate each other. It is considered patriotic/nationalistic. Personally, there is no point in knowing or not knowing in such matters. There are people who rise above such petty considerations. Like Dr. Sadao – for him saving the patient was most important. This was his first duty as a doctor – the sick, the wounded needed attention and it did not matter to him the country of the patient. Sadao rose above narrow prejudice because: business ethics, human consideration, sensitivity. Being himself a victim of hatred and indifference in America, he does not want to follow the policy of 'like for a tit'.

Sadao grew up believing that the Japanese were a superior race. He also disliked Americans because his own experience in America was not a pleasant one. He had faced racial prejudice. He thought that Americans were full of prejudice. Despite this, he could not allow the young American soldier to bleed. During the operation he called Tom 'my friend' and while his rational and logical mind rebelled against it, his inherent humanity came to the fore. Forefront. Within each of us is a capacity for goodness beyond our imagination.

14. Do you think that the doctor's final solution to the problem was the best possible under the circumstances?

Ans: Yes, I think the doctor's final solution to the problem was the best possible under the circumstances. Initially, the doctor as well as his wife thought that the best and kindest thing would be to put them back in the sea. But none of them could put him back in the sea. As a doctor, he was duty bound to save lives. Political enemies are not personal enemies. Tom was a young soldier who was just doing his duty. Compassion is a natural tendency. The first duty is towards the motherland. The soldier would have recovered and continued his work of killing people. It is a crime to give shelter to an enemy soldier. Sadao also pointed out that if the man was whole, he could hand him over to the police without difficulty, but since he was injured, the doctors could not throw him back into the sea. He could not kill the man whom he had saved from the jaws of death.

The General promises to send his personal assassins to kill the man and dispose of his body. Sadao waited for three nights for their arrival, but they never came because the general was so busy in his suffering, forgot everything else.

Meanwhile, the doctor's wife, Hana, grew increasingly fearful that she would be arrested for harbouring the enemy. Dr. Sadao made up his mind to get rid of the man as keeping him there any longer was not only inconvenient but also dangerous. This was actually the best solution to the problem because in this way the American could finally escape the Japanese at whose hands he was already suffering, the doctor could assuage his conscience which would bother him if the general had plans to assassinate the American, Kiya and his wife, Hana, could feel relieved that the enemy was gone.

The servants returned as soon as the enemy was gone and life became normal once again. Dr. Sadao informs the General that the 'man' had escaped. The general admits that he forgot his promise because he thought nothing of himself because he was suffering too much. He admitted that it was negligence on his part but it was not lack of patriotism or dereliction of duty. In short, the Doctor's strategy of allowing the prisoner to escape was the best possible solution to the problem under the existing circumstances.

15. Does the story inspire you A.J. Reminds me of 'Birth'? Cronin that you read last year in Snapshots? What are the similarities?

Ans: The anime is about an American-trained Japanese surgeon working in Japan during World War II, who first operates on an American POW and then helps him escape. Sadao realized that the white man in the US Navy uniform had been shot. He was confused for a moment but the doctor inside him spontaneously appeared and started working to stop the bleeding. In 'Birth', A.J. Cronin deals with medical ethics through the protagonist Andrew Manson. It states that medicine is not just a profession that aims to materially enrich its practitioners and that the essence of being a doctor is to use one's senses, knowledge and experience to alleviate suffering and improve people's lives. Manson ignores the despair caused by their relationship, and seeks immense satisfaction in saving a mother and child. Both stories underline the medical ethics that the doctor's responsibility towards the patient is of paramount importance. In light of this, both Sadao and Andrew remain true to their profession and duty as doctors.

There are some obvious similarities between the two stories. Both the stories revolve around the protagonist who is a doctor. Both of these focus on the doctor's devotion and dedication to his duty and his concern for the well-being of the patient. The doctor sacrifices his own comfort and convenience while attending to the patient. If the doctor brings a 'still born' child back to life in the 'birth' story, then Dr. Sadao Hoki is nothing short of a miracle. He saves a near-death man from the jaws of death by skilfully removing the bullet from his body and giving him medicines and injections for immediate relief. Dr. Sadao is a higher risk taker than Dr. Andrew Mason. While the former could be arrested on charges of harbouring the enemy and condemned to death, the latter (Dr. Andrew) was resting and risking his reputation as a medical practitioner. He had a depressing evening with the girl he loves but forgets his personal feelings and focuses on the safe delivery of the child and then reviving the middle-aged mother and dead child. To conclude we can say that the enthusiasm, dedication and efforts of both the doctors are equal. There is a difference of degree in the risk factor, but his devotion to the suffering humanity is undoubtedly the same.

16. Is there a movie you've seen or a novel you've read with a similar theme.

Ans: I am reminded of an old Hindi film "Dr. Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani" which deals with a similar topic. The eminent doctor gives up his practice and goes to the war front to take care of the wounded and sick soldiers and provide them medical aid. He leaves no stone unturned in performing his duties. He ignores his body's demands for sleep, rest and relaxation. Service to suffering humanity is their sole motivation and in their zeal to heal as many victims as possible, the doctors suffer physical and mental exhaustion and eventually die. The film was based on the life of Florence Nightingale, the lady with the lamp, also glorifies the spirit of service and sacrifice of a member of the medical profession. It is through her hard work and devotion to duty that Florence Nightingale elevates the job of a nurse to a high position.

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