AHSEC| CLASS 11| ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION| SOLVED PAPER - 2017| H.S.1ST YEAR
2017
Environmental Education
Full Marks: 40
Time: 1/₂ hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions.
1. Write very short answer of the following questions. 1×10=10
(a) Name two
minor components of atmosphere.
Ans: Minor
components: Argon (Ar) 9.34x10-1%
Carbon dioxide
(CO2) 3.25X10-2%
(b) What is a
food chain in an ecosystem?
Ans:- A
food chain is a chain of different types of organisms through which food energy
flows in an ecosystem. All food chains begin with a producer i.e., green plants
which are the origin of all food. There is a sequence in which one organism
eats another organism in order to survive. For example, in a grassland
ecosystem the grass is eaten by animals such as deer and the deer are in turn
eaten by the lion.
(c) Name two
natural sources of air pollution.
Ans: There
are two natural sources:
(i)
Volcanic eruption: Poisonous gases like SO2, H2S, CO etc. are released.
(ii) Forest
fires: Forest fires are a common feature throughout the year in tropical
regions. During their breakdown, a large amount of smoke and particulate matter
is released.
(d) Name two
radioactive pollutants.
Ans: Alpha
particles, beta particles and gamma rays are the most common forms of radioactive
pollution.
(e) Name the
causal organism of typhoid.
Ans:
Salmonella typhi bacteria.
(f) Mention
an instance of man-made worst disaster in Assam.
Ans: Man-made
Disasters: Disasters arising out of human activities such as armed conflict
sabotage, industrial accidents, collapse of oil and gas structures, bomb
blasts, road accidents etc. come under this category.
(g) Write the
full form of NDRF.
Ans: The
National Disaster Response Force.
(h) Since
when was the 'National Road Safety Policy' adopted in India.
Ans: 15th
March 2010.
(i) What does
amber light in a traffic signal mean?
Ans: Amber
(yellow) light. It warns the driver approaching the junction to stop as the
signal is about to turn red. But if he is on the cross line, he should hurry up
and leave the junction. However, in some cases, where the first amber and red
light is displayed, it indicates that the signal is about to change to green,
thus asking road users to prepare to go through the intersection.
(j) What is
zebra crossing?
Ans: A
zebra crossing is a protected pedestrian crosswalk, designated by zig zag lines
as they are painted white on black asphalt, called zebras; Hence, zebra crossing.
A zebra crossing generally gives priority to the right of way to pedestrians.
2. Write short answer of the following questions (any
ten): 2×10=20
(a) Write a
brief note on hydrosphere.
Ans: The
part of the Earth covered with water is called the hydrosphere. The hydrosphere
comprises 1,460,000 cubic km. Of water. The oceans occupy 70.8% of the total
surface area of the Earth and hold 1445 million cubic km of water. The
hydrosphere plays a very important role in forming clouds and rain and thus
controlling weather and climate.
(b) Mention
the characteristics of artificial ecosystem.
Ans: The
important features of artificial ecosystem are as follows:
(i) Diversity
will be less as compared to natural systems. Unfavourable and less preferred
species are likely to gradually decline.
(ii) While
natural systems do not have definite goals and evolve by trial and error and
their survival value, artificial ecosystem is practical with well-defined
goals. Artificial systems are more fragile and more vulnerable to failure due
to the lack of diversity and robust self-regulatory systems that characterize
natural systems.
(iii) With
further improvements in design, artificial ecosystems can increase the
sustenance potential of populations in each location and enable the expansion
of human habitation into oceans, outer space, extra-terrestrial bodies, and
subterranean spaces.
(c) Mention
two conservation strategies of our country.
Ans: There
are two conservation strategies in our country:
(i) In-situ
conservation: Kaziranga National Park in Assam is important for the one-horned
rhinoceros.
(ii) Ex-situ
conservation: National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi.
(d) State the
non-commercial services offered by green plants.
Ans: But
we must accept the non-commercial services provided by the lush forests. (i)
Green forests produce oxygen through photosynthesis which is essential for life
on earth. (ii) During photosynthesis, green plants absorb carbon dioxide from
the atmosphere and thus reduce the problem of global warming.
(e) What
measures can be taken to keep drinking water sources clean and safe?
Ans: The
following measures should be adopted to control water pollution:
(a) There
should be strict rules by the government to the effect that no industry can
discharge industrial waste into rivers or streams without proper treatment in
an effluent treatment plant. Production should not be allowed without setting
up of a treatment plant.
(b) Domestic
and other sewage shall be treated in a sewage treatment plant, and only after
such treatment shall it be allowed to be discharged into water bodies.
(c) The use of
chemical pesticides and fertilizers should be limited and only herbal
pesticides should be used.
(d) There
should be a complete ban on the disposal of dead bodies of humans and animals
in rivers. River banks should be kept clean.
(f) Write two
probable effects of noise pollution on human health.
Ans: The
most common health problem caused by this is noise induced hearing loss (NIHL).
Exposure to loud noise can also lead to high blood pressure, heart disease,
sleep disturbances and stress.
(g) Suggest
any four steps which you can take as a student in Disaster Management.
Ans: (i) Plan
to respond to a disaster-like situation.
(ii) Plant
more trees.
(iii) Use
eco-friendly products.
(iv) To
encourage other people to adopt environment friendly lifestyle.
(v) Educating
people on disaster management. To spread awareness about various disasters
through pamphlets and creative activities.
(h) What 'Not
to Do' during disaster?
Ans: (i)
Avoid being misled by rumours.
(ii) Don't
leave shelters until informed by the rescue personals.
(iii) Don't
leave the safer place during lull, however minor repairs can be carried out.
(iv) Don't
touch the loose and dangling wire from lamp post, it may have electric current.
(i) Mention
about the measures to be taken before and after a disaster.
Ans: Actions
to be taken before and after disaster strikes:
Here is a full
list of the 20 things the panel discussed:
(i) Planning
is important
(ii) Design
Disaster Plans with "APIS"
(iii) backup,
backup, redundant backup
(iv) Establish
alternate sites and backup headquarters
(v) Understand
your entire supply chain
(vi) Choose a
vendor with a rock-solid DR plan
(vii) shall be
a lawyer
(viii) germs
will also be
(ix) Define
your chain(s) of command
(x) Monitor
the implementation of your plan
(xi) Test your
plan with a disaster drill
(xii) Operate
DNS servers at multiple locations
(xiii) Create
a database of important master lists
(xiv) Learn to
prioritize ruthlessly
(xv) Put
"ship" first
(xvi) Planning
for people as well as servers
(xvii) Develop
and pack "Bolt" kits
(xviii) Train
and educate all
(xix) Build
for strength and fail
(xx) Be
flexible
(j) Write the
safety rules to be obeyed, while walking on the road.
Ans: pedestrians
need:
(i) Avoid
walking near curbs with your back to traffic where possible. If you must step
on the road, first look both ways.
(ii) Wear or
carry something light coloured, bright or fluorescent in poor daylight
conditions. When it is dark, use reflective materials (for example, armbands,
sashes, waistcoats and jackets), which can be seen up to three times farther
than non-reflective materials by drivers using headlights.
(iii) Small
children should not be left alone on the footpath or road. When pulling
children out, walk between them and traffic and hold their hands firmly. Buckle
very young children into pushchairs or use a harness.
(iv) Always
walk on the footpaths, they are there for you. Where there is no footpath, walk
in the margin on the right side of the road so that you can see oncoming
traffic.
(v) Cross the
roads where there are pedestrian crossings. They are featured at great cost for
your convenience.
(vi) Where
there is no pedestrian crossing, watch the traffic on both sides and cross only
when it is safe.
(vii) You
should not walk on motorways or slippery roads except in case of emergency.
(viii) Never
walk on the main carriageway, it can be fatal.
(ix) Don't
"drink and walk". If you have been drinking, take a cab or bus, or
have someone sober take you home.
(x) When
walking at night, wear retro to any type of crossing You should always check
that traffic has stopped before starting the crossing or pushing the pram at
the crossing. Always cross between studs or above zebra markings. Do not cross
on the edge of level crossings or on zigzag lines, as this can be dangerous.
You must not stray across zebra, pelican, or puffin crossings, etc.
(k) What is
meant by mandatory road signs? Name any four of the signs that fall under this
category.
Ans: Mandatory
signs are road signs used to determine the obligations of all traffic using a
specific area of the road. Unlike prohibitory or restrictive signs, mandatory signs
tell traffic what it must do, not what it must not do. Most mandatory road
signs are circular, may use white symbols on a blue background with a white
border or black symbols on a white background with a red border, although the
latter is also associated with prohibitory signs.
(a) One way
sign, (b) Vehicle prohibited in both directions, (c) Pedestrian prohibited, (d)
Horn prohibited
(l) What is
the purpose of wearing a seat belt in a vehicle?
Ans: Purpose
of seat belts Seat belts are designed to retain people in their seats, and thus
prevent or reduce injuries that may occur in a crash. They ensure that there is
as little contact as possible between the occupant and the interior of the
vehicle and significantly reduce the risk of being thrown from the vehicle.
Seat belts are designed to serve as a key part of comprehensive injury
prevention measures and safety systems, such as airbags and head restraints,
will not be as effective in reducing the risk of injury if the seat belt is not
worn. Always wear your seat belt when traveling in the front or rear of the
vehicle. Always ensure that children travel in a suitable child restraint
unless they are at least 135cm tall or 12 years old.
(m) Why
should helmet be worn by the biker and the rider?
Ans: Anyone
who decides to ride a bicycle or motorcycle should consider that wearing a
helmet is the most effective strategy for preventing injuries from a crash or
fall. It is very clear that riders are very vulnerable to crashing or falling,
no matter how knowledgeable and careful a rider is.
3. Answer any two of the following questions: 5x2=10
(a) Write an
account on need for environmental awareness.
Ans: Environmental
awareness is a curse issue that needs to be addressed. One of the first ways to
be more environmentally conscious is to reduce your energy use. It may also
mean that driving a less polluting auto or bike is an important environmental
precaution as it can help reduce pollution and global warming. It can also lead
to a more sustainable world by promoting renewable resources such as solar,
wind and water.
The
environment in which air, water, land, solar radiation, rainfall, water vapor,
humidity, temperature, wind velocity, wind direction and duration of sunlight
are included, is called physical environment.
(b) What is
energy conservation? What measures will you adopt for energy conservation?
Ans: As
stated above, development in every sector largely depends on energy. Energy
consumption rate of a nation today has a direct correlation with its economic
growth and prosperity. The state of development is well reflected by the per
capita energy consumption of a country. The energy crisis has created an energy
policy framework within which the rate of growth and patterns of energy
consumption can be regulated and energy conservation strategies must be
adopted.
Energy
conservation refers to the efforts made to reduce the consumption of energy,
which can be regulated and energy conservation strategies are to be adopted.
Energy conservation refers to the efforts made to reduce the consumption of
energy. Energy conservation can be achieved through efficient energy use in
conjunction with reduced energy consumption and/or reduced consumption from
conventional energy sources. Energy conservation can result in increased
financial capital, environmental quality, national security, personal safety,
and human comfort. Individuals and organizations that are direct consumers of
energy choose to conserve energy to reduce energy costs and promote economic
security. Industrial and commercial users can increase energy use efficiency to
maximize profits. Energy, which saves money, and saves the earth at the same
time. When we reduce the amount of energy, we automatically make efforts to
reduce global warming.
The
following measures can be adopted as a preliminary step for energy
conservation-
(a) Shifting
from the use of fossil fuels and non-renewable energy resources such as
petroleum, coal, natural gas, uranium etc. to renewable energy resources such
as solar energy, wind energy, biogas etc.
(b) More
technological innovations contributing to efficient energy savings.
(c)
Unnecessary use of electricity should be restricted. Street lights should be
switched off early in the morning.
(d) Household
consumers can reduce energy consumption on many household items.
(e) Industries should develop a mechanism for judicious use of raw materials for their energy needs.
***
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