AHSEC| CLASS 12| POLITICAL SCIENCE| SOLVED PAPER - 2020| H.S. 2ND YEAR
2020
POLITICAL SCIENCE
Full Marks: 100
Pass Marks: 30
Time: Three hours
The figures in the margin indicate
full marks for the questions.
PART – A
(Contemporary
World Politics)
1. (a) Write the full form of NATO. 1
Ans:- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(b) Mikhail Gorbachev initiated the reforms in
Soviet Union in 1985. 1
(c) In which
year Iraq invaded Kuwait? 1
Ans:- August 2, 1990.
(d) Which
event does ‘9/11’ refer to in the context of Contemporary World Politics? 1
Ans:- 9/11
refers to the attack on the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in the United
States of America on September 11, 2001 by the terrorist group Al-Qaeda.
(e) What do
you mean by ‘Operation Desert Storm’? 1
Ans:- Operation
Desert Storm was a 42- day military operation conducted by an transnational
coalition led by the United States in response to the Iraqi irruption of Kuwait. It took place on 17
January 1991, 28 February 1991.
(f) Where was
the First SAARC Summit held? 1
Ans:- The
first peak was held on 7 – 8 December
1985 in Dhaka, Bangladesh and was attended by government representatives and
the chairpersons of Bangladesh, Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, the King of
Bhutan and Nepal and the Prime Minister of India.
2. Write two principles of New International Economic
Order. 2
Ans:- The fundamental founding principles of NIEO
were: All nations are sovereign and equal. The people of these nations have the
right to self-determination, and no country can interfere in the internal
affairs of another nation. There should be peaceful co-operation among all the
member countries.
3. Why did big powers need to have alliance with smaller
countries? Write two reasons. 2
Ans:- The great powers made military alliances with the lower
countries because of the following reasons: -
(a) Control
over vital coffers Small countries located in the Middle East were sources
of vital coffers similar as oil painting and minerals, which would be salutary
for the superpowers to develop magazines and pay envelope war.
(b) position:-
The superpowers formed alliances with small countries that were close to each
other, so that they could catch and keep an eye on each other's development.
4. Write two causes of disintegration of Soviet
Union. 2
Ans: The following are the two consequences:
(a)
Liquidation of military blocs: Cold war had triggered massive arms race and
accumulation of nuclear weapons and existence of military blocs. The whole
world almost got divided into two power blocs. But with the disintegration of
Soviet Union the military blocs were liquidated.
(b) Emergence
of uni-polar world: The breakdown of Soviet Union has led to end of
bipolarity and began the era of unipolarity where USA has remained as the sole
super power.
5. Write two constraints on American hegemony. 2
Ans:- US hegemony is in today’s world means the dominance
of US in spheres – military, economic ideas of good life etc. The constraints
an US are –
(i) The first
constraint is the institutional architectures of the American State itself.
A system of division of power between the three branches of government places
significant brakes upon the unrestrained and immoderate exercise of America’s
military power by the executive branch.
(ii) The
Second constraint is domestic is nature and stems from the open nature of
American Society. American mass media may from time to time impose or promote a
particular perspective on domestic public opinion in the US and they also keep
on eye over the methods of government.
6. In which year the World Bank was created? Mention any
one activity of the World Bank. 2
Ans. The World Bank was created in 1944.
The World Bank works for human
development, agriculture and rural development, environmental protection, infrastructure,
and governance.
7. What is the difference between traditional and
non-traditional security? 2
Ans: - Difference between
traditional and non-traditional security:
(i) Its traditional security poses a major threat to security
and is the major means of achieving security.
(ii) Non-traditional nations of security go beyond military
threat, including a wide range of threats and threats affecting human survival
conditions.
8. Discuss briefly the causes of conflict between India
and Pakistan. 4
Ans:- The Indo-Pakistani Wars are a series of
conflicts between India and Pakistan and are known as the Indo-Pakistani Wars.
The most violent outbreaks occurred in 1947–48, 1965, 1971 and 1999. The causes
of conflicts are border dispute, Kashmir problem, water dispute and terror
dispute. India and Pakistan have fought in several armed conflicts since their
independence. There have been three major wars between the two states, the
Bangladesh Liberation War in 1947, 1965 and 1971. Also, in 1999 there was
unofficial Kargil war and some border skirmishes.
9. Discuss briefly about the need of reforms in the
United Nations. 4
Ans:- The need for reforms in the United Nations: -
In 2005, a
meeting of various UN heads of state concluded that the following steps should
be taken to reform the UN in line with contemporary demands:
(i) Creation
of Peace Building Commission.
(ii) To accept
the responsibility of the international community in case of failure of
national governments to protect their citizens from atrocities.
(iii) Creation
of Human Rights Council (working since 19 June 2006).
(iv) Agreement
to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
10. What is the relationship between human security and
health? Discuss briefly. 4
Ans:- Safety is
usually defined as the state of being in or not in contact with a threat or
threat. Human security includes freedom from desire and freedom from fear. It
means the absence of hunger and disease as well as violence and war. The United
Nations Development Program (UNDP) 1994 Human Development Report is considered
a landmark publication in the field of human security, where the concept
received international acceptance.
The UNDP report states that there are two basic pillars in human
security: freedom from desire and freedom from fear. This means that with the
absence of hunger and disease, as violence and war were further considered,
potential threats to human security were classified into seven main categories:
economic, food, health environment, personal community, and Political security.
Gender means national security and foreign policy thinking for
security in international relations, or the protection of the state from
military violence or intimidation used by another state. This state-centered
violence paradigm shaped how leaders and governments envisioned national
security.
Whatever falls outside the threat of military violence from
another state, by definition, was not a security issue. Thus, public health
problems, such as the communicable disease epidemic, were traditionally outside
the purview of security policy. Historically, safety and health have never
developed any kind of policy relationship.
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