AHSEC| CLASS 12| ALTERNATIVE ENGLISH GRAMMAR| PREPOSITION| H.S. 2ND YEAR
GRAMMAR
PREPOSITION
USE OF PREPOSITION:-
Prepositions of Time:
(i) At: "At'
is used to indicate when something happens. It is used with clock times Example:
- Periods of the year, periods of the day and festivals etc.
Example: The
train left the station at 5 O'clock.
She visited
temple at Dussehra.
Note: "At'
is not used with "morning," "evening,"
"afternoon," etc.
(ii) In: In is used to indicate the period in
which something happens. 'In' is used with periods of the day
"morning," "evening," "afternoon,"
"centuries," "years," "seasons,"
"months," etc.
Example:
He visited me in the evening.
The visited
Manali in the summer season.
My father went to
Kolkata in June.
(iii) On:
On is used with days, dates, birthdays, anniversaries etc. It is used with
"morning" "afternoon" and "evening" when they are
modified.
Example:
We went to see a movie on Sunday.
He congratulated
me on my birthday.
He went for
fishing on a pleasant morning.
(iv) During:
During is used with periods of the day, months, seasons, years, decades, and
centuries to express the idea that something continues throughout the whole of
a specific period.
Example:
During the journey, I had an acquaintance with her.
We work during
the day and sleep during the night.
(v) By:
Example:
Applications must be received by 10th April.
He will complete
this work by 6 P.M.
(vi) For: For is used with periods of time to
indicate how long an action lasts.
Example:
They have lived her for five years.
We stayed there
for fifteen days.
(vii) Since: Since
is used with a point of time in the past from which some action began and it
continues till the time of speaking.
Example: He
has been living here since 1985.
It has not rained
since the end of June.
(viii) From:
It indicates the starting point of an action in the past or
Example:
He is in his office from 8 A.M. to 5 P.M.
(ix) Before
and After: The preposition before and after can be used to relate events to
a particular time. Before means earlier than and after means later than
something.
Example:
I get up before six.
They came after
the match had finished.
Prepositions
of place:
(i) At:
It is used to show the exact point or place.
Example:
houses, stations, small villages, and towns.
The plane landed at
Indira Gandhi International airport.
The train stopped
at Guwahati Railway station.
(ii) In: In
is used when the reference is not to any specific place or it is used to the
names of large cities, countries, continents etc.
Example:
In India, many people live in villages.
They used to live
in London.
(iii) On:
On is used to indicate a particular area of land or place where something is.
Example:
There is a school on the outskirts of the city.
The hotel stands
on a river.
Prepositions
of Direction:
(i) From:
It is used with the starting point or point of departure from a place or the
point of origin.
Example: They
came from London.
The train from
Madras has arrived.
(ii) Off:
It means from the surface of and down from.
Example:
The boy fell off the tree keep off the grass.
(iii) Out
off: It means from the interior of something.
Example:
He went out of the class.
I saw him coming
out of the room.
(iv) For: It
is used to show direction only when the verb indicates the beginning of a
movement.
Example:
We set off for London.
They left for
home.
(v) To:
It is used for destination or the end point.
Example:
He went from Delhi to Kolkata.
She came to India
as a tourist.
(vi) Towards:
It is used to indicate the direction of something.
Example:
I saw him coming towards me.
He ran towards
the door.
Prepositions of position:
(i) Under: It
indicates a position that is below or beneath something.
Example:
They took shelter under the roof.
The cat was
sitting under the table.
(ii) Below
and Beneath: Below is used for a position lower than something.
Example: The
lake is 500 feet below the sea level.
(a) Beneath
also stands for a lower position than something. It has the sense of directly
under something.
Example:
The boat sank beneath the waves.
(iii) Over:
It is used to indicate a position vertically above something or somebody or
partly or completely covering the surface of something.
Example:
There were books all over the table.
She hung the
calendar over the Almirah.
(iv) Above:
It indicates a position higher than something.
Example: The
water came above our knees.
The birds were
flying above the trees.
Prepositions of Travel and Movement:
(i) Across:
Across is used to indicate movement from one side to the other.
Example: I
walked across the road.
They flew across
the pacific.
(ii) Along: It
is used to indicate movement from one end to or towards the other end of
something.
Example:
She went along the corridor.
(iii) Into:
it is used to indicate movement inside a place seen as a volume.
Example:
She ran into the house.
They came into
the hall.
(iv) Onto:
Onto is used to indicate movement into a position on an object or surface.
Example: The
cat jumped onto the table.
He climbed onto
the tree.
(v) Thought:
It is used to indicate a movement from one end of at opening or a passage to
the other.
Example:
The water flows through this pipe.
The train passed
through a tunnel.
(vi) Up and
Down: Up is used to indicate movement to a higher position and down to a
lower position.
Example: The
boy ran up the stairs.
She was walking
down the street.
(vii)
Between, Among:
(a) Between
is used with two persons or things.
Example: She
distributed the apples between two boys.
(b) Among
is used with more than two people or thing.
Example:
He distributed the apples among the children.
Note:
Between is used even if there are more than two, if each individual person is
mentioned.
Example:
The apples were distributed between Hari, Mohan and Sohani.
(c) If
the people are mentioned as a single group among is used.
Example:
The boy disappeared among the crowd.
(viii) By,
Beside: By stands for close to someone or something, while beside means by
the side of someone or something. Both imply nearness.
Example:
The telephone is by the window.
She is sitting
beside me.
***
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