AHSEC| CLASS 12| POLITICAL SCIENCE| SOLVED PAPER - 2021| H.S. 2ND YEAR
2021
POLITICAL
SCIENCE
Full Marks:
100
Pass Marks:
30
Time: Three
hours
The figures
in the margin indicate full marks for the questions.
PART – A
(Contemporary World Politics)
1. Answer the following as directed: 1x6=6
(a) Write any
one new threat to human security.
Ans:- Some
new sources of threats have come to the fore, about which the world is worried
to a great extent. These include terrorism, human rights, global poverty, migration,
and health pandemics.
(b) Write ‘yes’ or ‘no’:
China adopted
an ‘open door’ policy.
(c) Write the
full form of SAFTA.
Ans:- The
South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA).
(d) What do
you mean by ‘Operation Desert Storm’?
Ans:- Operation
Desert Storm was a 42-day military operation conducted by an international
coalition led by the United States in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.
It took place on 17 January 1991 - 28 February 1991.
(e) Which of
the following UN agency is concerned with the safety and peaceful use of
nuclear technology?
(i) The UN
Committee on Disarmament
(ii) International Atomic Energy Agency
(iii) UN
International Safeguard Committee
(iv) None of
the above (Choose the Correct one)
(f) Mikhail Gorbachev initiated the reforms in
Soviet Union in 1985. (Fill in the blank)
2. Write two causes of Globalisation. 2
Ans:- Globalization is the result of historical
factors, technological innovations, liberalization of foreign trade and
investment policies, and the opening up of multinational companies.
3. Mention two areas of conflict between India and
Pakistan. 2
Ans:- The long-running dispute over Kashmir and
cross-border terrorism.
4. When was ASEAN established and how many members were
there at the beginning? 1+1=2
Ans:- Establishment of ASEAN. On 8 August 1967, five
leaders – the foreign ministers of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore,
and Thailand – sat together in the main hall of the Foreign Affairs Department
building in Bangkok, Thailand and signed a document.
5. Write the name of two super powers emerged after
Second World War. 2
Ans:- The US and the USSR emerged as superpowers
after World War II. The US launched the Marshall Plan to help Japan and Germany
revive economically through financing. The USSR came forward with a fund
package for the Eastern European countries.
6. Write two constraints on American hegemony. 2
Ans:- The American system is based on the division of
powers among the three organs of the government, namely the legislature, the executive,
and the judiciary. These organs impose many restrictions on military powers. A
second constraint on American power is the open nature of American society and
political culture.
7. Write two causes of disintegration of Soviet Union. 2
Ans:- The disintegration of the Soviet Union or the
disintegration of the USSR was due to economic weakness, political dogma, and
the growth of nationalism.
8. Discuss briefly about the relationship between India and
China. 4
Ans:- India and China have had friendly relations since
ancient times. However, since the first half of the twentieth century this
friendship has faced some challenges. There have been disputes mainly over the
borders of the two countries. This resulted in violent attacks on both sides of
the dispute and the death of many people. Despite these problems, both
countries are trying to overcome differences through economic, cultural,
political and trade relations. In recent times, the countries have seen a
re-emergence of border disputes.
India China
relations: -
(i) Before the
advent of Western imperialism, India and China were great powers in Asia. With
its unique tributary system, China had considerable influence and control along
the periphery of its borders.
(ii) China's
long history of dynastic rule forced countries like Mongolia, Korea, parts of
Indo-China and Tibet to accept Chinese authority.
(iii) Many
empires and kingdoms extended their influence beyond their borders. This
influence was both political, economic, and cultural.
(iv)
Historically there was limited political and cultural contact between the two,
as is evident from India-China relations.
(v) However,
the two countries established relations in the middle of the 20th century. The
slogan 'Hindi-Chini Bhai-Bhai' became very popular for a short time.
9. Discuss briefly about the economic consequences of
Globalisation. 4
Ans:- The economic consequences of globalization are:-
(i)
Globalization is the integration of a country's economy into a process of free
flow of trade and capital. It may also involve 'brain drain' across borders.
(ii)
Globalization increases the volume of trade in goods and services, increases
inflow of private foreign capital, increases foreign direct investment, creates
new jobs, strengthens domestic economies, improves productive efficiency and
healthy competition.
(iii)
Globalization can also have negative effects as it failed to generate enough
employment, less educated persons are not familiar with modern methods of
farming, it creates income inequality and exploits natural resources and labor
force.
(iv)
Globalization is the result of historical factors, technological innovations,
liberalization of foreign trade and investment policies and opening of
multinational companies.
10. Write briefly about global poverty. 4
Ans:- Global poverty refers to low economic growth,
low national income and low living standards in developing or less developed
countries.
Global poverty is
defined as the number of people worldwide who live on less than $2.15 per day.
According to the definition of the World Bank, a person living on less than
$2.15 a day lives in extreme poverty.
Poverty is the
inability to meet the minimum requirements of life such as food, clothing,
housing, education, and health facilities etc. Relative poverty refers to the
poverty of people in comparison to other people in different regions or
countries.
Here, we look
at some of the major causes of poverty around the world.
(i) Inadequate
access to clean water and nutritious food.
(ii) Little or
no access to livelihood or jobs.
(iii) conflict.
(iv) Inequality.
(v) Poor
education.
(vi) Climate
change.
(vii) Lack of
infrastructure.
(viii) Limited
capacity of the government.
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