NIOS| POLITICAL SCIENCE (317)| SOLVED PAPER – (APRIL - 2023)| SENIOR SECONDARY| ENGLISH MEDIUM
POLITICAL SCIENCE
317
(APRIL - 2023)
Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 100
Note:
(i) This Question
Paper consists of two Sections, viz., 'A' and 'B'.
(ii) All
questions in Section 'A' are compulsory.
(iii) Section 'B'
has two options. Candidates are required to attempt questions from one option
only.
(iv) Marks of each question are indicated against it.
SECTION - A
1. Describe the composition of the Constituent Assembly
of free India as on 31st December, 1947. 2
Ans:- The total membership of the Constituent
Assembly was 389, of whom 292 were representatives of the provinces, 93
represented the princely states and four were from the Chief Commissioner's
Provinces of Delhi, Ajmer-Merwara, Coorg and British Baluchistan.
2. State any two financial powers of the Governor of a
State. 2×1=2
Ans:- The Governor has the right to address, send
messages, summon, prorogue and dissolve the State Legislature. These powers are
formal, and must be exercised by the Governor in accordance with the advice of
the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister.
(i) He ensures
that the State Legislature receives the annual financial statement (State
Budget).
(ii) Money Bills
can be introduced in the State Legislature only with his approval, and no grant
requests can be made unless he recommends them.
3. Examine the role of a High Court in the case of an
accused who is awarded death sentence by the Sessions Court. 2
Ans:- The High Court may withdraw the case pending
before the subordinate court and may itself attempt to pass the death sentence
(Section 407, Cr. PC). The High Court, on appeal against an order of acquittal
passed by a Sessions Court, can convict a person and sentence him to death
(Section 386(a), Cr. PC).
4. State the importance of separation of powers in a
democracy. 2
Ans:- Importance of separation: -
The purpose of
separation of powers is to prevent abuse of power by any one person or group of
persons. It will protect the society against the arbitrary, irrational, and
tyrannical powers of the State, safeguard liberty for all and allocate each
function to the appropriate organs of the State for the effective discharge of
their respective duties.
5. Why was India not called a state before 15th August,
1947? 2
Ans:- The partition of British India on 14 August
resulted in the creation of two sovereign nations, India and Pakistan. A
sovereign state, sovereign country, or state, is a political entity represented
by a centralized government that has sovereignty over a geographic territory.
6. Identify any two areas of common interest between
India and Sri Lanka. 2×1=2
Ans:- India and Sri Lanka have a heritage of
intellectual, cultural, religious, and linguistic contacts and the relationship
between the two countries is more than 2500 years old. Trade and investment
have increased and there is cooperation in the fields of development,
education, culture, and defence.
India is the only
neighbour of Sri Lanka, separated by the Palk Strait; Both states hold
strategic positions in South Asia and are trying to create a common security
umbrella in the Indian Ocean. India and Sri Lanka are both republics that are
members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
7. Who propounded the Two Nation Theory during the
freedom struggle? Why did M.A. Jinnah insist on the formation of two separate
states? 1+1=2
Ans:- Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was considered the main
architect of the two-nation theory because he used a novel figure of speech to
express the development of Islamic identity. After gaining independence from
the British Empire, the Indian subcontinent was mainly influenced by the
two-country hypothesis, a strict patriotic ideology. The two-nation theory is a
political theory that supports the official partition of India into Pakistan
and India.
By 1940, Jinnah
believed that the Muslims of the subcontinent should have a state of their own
to avoid a possible marginal situation in an independent Hindu-Muslim state.
Hindus and Muslims are two different communities in India which cannot exist in
the same state without being dominated and discriminated against by each other
or without constant conflict.
8. Explain the concept of a 'Multi-member constituency'.
2
Ans:- A multi-member constituency means a
constituency where more than one but less than the total number of
representatives are elected to a certain level of authority.
A multi-member
constituency is one that elects more than one representative.
A single-member
district or single-member constituency is an electoral district that returns
one incumbent to a multi-member body such as a legislature. The alternatives
are multi-member districts, or the election of a body by the entire electorate
voting as a single constituency.
9. Describe the role played by caste in the electoral
politics of India. 2
Ans:-Caste plays an important role in elections as
people select their candidates on the basis of caste. Hence, caste is cashed in
by politicians for vote bank. Caste also plays the role of a pressure group in
the field of politics, as political bargaining is also based on caste.
Politics in
India during the Congress-dominated era depended heavily on patron-client
relationships along caste lines. The caste to which a person belongs acts as a
strong determinant of his voting pattern. In India, different political parties
represent the interests of different caste groups.
10. Describe the legislative relations between the Centre
and the States. 5
Ans:- The legislative relations between the Center and
the States are as follows: -
The Constitution
of India establishes a dual constitutional authority with a simple separation
of powers, each of which is sovereign in its own sphere. The Indian Union is
not the result of any arrangement between the independent units, nor is it a
consequence, the Indian units cannot leave the Union. The Constitution also
contains extensive provisions governing various aspects of the relations
between the Center and the States. Centre-State relations are distinguished by
the following:
(i)
legislative relationship;
(ii)
administrative relations;
(iii)
Financial relationship.
But under this
article we will cover the relationship between legislature and center-state.
Legislative relations
between the Center and the States are governed by Articles 245 to 255 of Part
XI of the Constitution. It establishes a dual division between the Union and
the States with legislative powers, i.e., with respect to territorial
recognition and subject matter.
Full solution coming soon.
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