AHSEC| CLASS 12| PSYCHOLOGY| SOLVED PAPER - 2023| H.S. 2ND YEAR
2023
PSYCHOLOGY
(Theory)
Full Marks: 70
Pass Marks: 21
Time: Three hours
The figures in the margin indicate
full marks for the questions
1. Answer the following:
(a) Write
very short answers to the following questions: 1x4=4
(i) What is
Stress? 1
Ans:- Stress
can be defined as a state of worry or mental tension caused by a difficult
situation. Stress is a natural human response that prompts us to deal with
challenges and threats in our lives.
(ii) Define
Conformity. 1
Ans:- Conformity
is a type of social influence that involves a change in belief or behavior in
order to fit in with a group.
(iii) What is
Natural disaster? 1
Ans:- Natural
disasters, also called natural hazards, are extreme, sudden events caused by
environmental factors such as hurricanes, floods, droughts, fires, and
heatwaves. Natural disasters are now occurring with increasing severity, scope
and impact.
(iv) What is
aggression? 1
Ans:- According
to social psychology, aggression describes any behavior or action that is
intended to cause harm to a person or animal, or to damage physical property.
(b) Fill in
the blanks with appropriate words: 1x4=4
(i) According
to Freud’s theory, the primary structural elements of personality are three, i.e., id, ego and superego. 1
(ii)
Self-esteem and Self-awareness are two very important aspects of behaviour. 1
(iii)
Pollution adversely affects our mental and physical health and emotional process. 1
(iv)
According to Freud, the three levels of human mind are conscious, preconscious, and unconscious mind. 1
2. Write short answers to the following questions:
2x10=20
(a) Find out the I.Q. of a 12 years old child a mental age of 90. 2
(b) What do
you mean by self-esteem? 2
Ans:- Self-esteem
is how we value and understand ourselves. It is based on our opinions and
beliefs about ourselves, which may seem difficult to change. We can also think
of this as self-confidence. Your self-esteem can affect how much you like and
value yourself as a person.
(c) What is
modelling? 2
Ans:- Modelling
means learning by imitating the behavior of someone else. Humans naturally
model each other – for example, children use modelling to learn how to use
utensils or tie their shoes.
(d) What do
you understand by the term congruency? 2
Ans:- Congruence
is a term used by Carl Rogers (a humanistic psychologist) to describe the
situation in which a person's ideal self and actual experiences are consistent
or very similar.
(e) What is
Paraphrasing? 2
Ans:- Paraphrasing
means 'to summarize something written or spoken, especially in a shorter and
simpler form to make the meaning clear'
(f) What is
the difference between personal identity and social identity? 2
Ans:- Personal
identity is the unique numerical identity of an individual over time.
Discussions regarding personal identity usually aim to determine the necessary
and sufficient conditions under which a person can be called one person at one
time and another person at another time, which persists over time.
Social
identity refers to people's self-categorization in relation to their group
membership ("us"). These categorizations are often assigned to us or
something we are born into.
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