AHSEC| CLASS 12| BIOLOGY| SOLVED PAPER - 2022| H.S. 2ND YEAR
2022
BIOLOGY
(Theory)
Full Marks: 70
Pass Marks: 21
Time: Three hours
The figures in the margin indicate
full marks for the questions.
|
PART-I (BOTANY) MARKS – 35
PART-II (ZOOLOGY) MARKS - 35
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Use separate Answer scripts for
Part-I (Botany) and Part-II (Zoology)
Part-I (Botany)
1. What is Plasmid? 1
Ans:- Plasmid refers to a DNA molecule separated from
chromosomal DNA, which has the ability to replicate itself.
2. Name the plant body where bisexual and both unisexual
male and female flowers are present.
1
Ans:- 'Monoecious'.
3. Write full forms of VAM. 1
Ans:- Vesicular –
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza.
4. Who proposed Mutation theory? 1
Ans:- The mutation theory of evolution was proposed
by Hugo de Vries.
5. What is biogas?
2
Ans:- Biogas is a mixture of gases produced by the
breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.
6. Name two antibiotics produced from fungi. 1+1=2
Ans:- Fungi can be used to isolate antibiotics such
as penicillin’s and cephalosporins.
7. How is DNA isolated in purified form from a bacterial
cell? 2
Ans:- DNA is genetic material that is isolated in
pure form by treating bacterial cells with enzymes such as lysozyme to remove
the cell wall.
Or
What is
recombinant DNA? List the tools of Genetic Engineering. 2
Ans:- Recombinant
DNA, often abbreviated as rDNA, is an artificially created DNA strand that is
formed by combining two or more gene sequences. This new combination may or may
not occur naturally, but it has been specifically engineered for the purpose of
being used in one of the many applications of recombinant DNA.
(i)
Restriction enzymes: Restriction enzymes, also known as restriction
endonucleases, are proteins produced by bacteria that cut DNA at specific
locations.
(ii) DNA
ligase: DNA ligase is an enzyme that facilitates joining of DNA strands
together by forming phosphodiester bonds.
(iii)
Plasmids: Plasmids are small, circular pieces of DNA that are separate from
the chromosomal DNA found in cells.
(iv) Gene
guns: Gene guns are physical devices used to deliver DNA directly into
cells.
(v)
CRISPR-Cas9: CRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary genetic engineering tool that
provides a more precise and efficient way to edit DNA.
(vi) Electroporation: Electroporation is a method used to introduce foreign DNA into cells.
8. What is triple fusion? Name the nuclei involved in the
process. 1+1=2
Ans:- The fusion of the male gamete with the diploid
secondary nucleus/central cell to form a triploid primary endosperm nucleus is
called triploid fusion because it involves three nuclei. This occurs in the
embryo sac during double fertilization. It contains two polar nuclei and male
gametes.
Or
What is meant
by polyembryony in angiosperm? Write its importance. 1+1=2
Ans:- The
production of two or more embryos from the same seed or fertilized egg is
called polyembryony. In plants, this phenomenon occurs either due to
fertilization of one or more embryo sacs or due to the origin of the embryo
outside the embryo sac.
Polyembryony
is a valuable tool in plant propagation techniques. This enables the production
of genetically identical plants from the same seed, ensuring consistent traits
and characteristics in the resulting progeny.
9. What is totipotency of the cell? Write its importance in
Plant science. 1+1=2
10. Explain briefly: (any two) 2+2=4
(i) Gene Gun
Ans:- The
gene gun method is a method used to genetically modify plants. With the use of
a gene gun, the gene gun method delivers additional DNA directly into the nucleus
of the plant. This method is also commonly called particle acceleration or
microprojectile bombardment.
(ii)
Biopatent
Ans:- A
biopatent is a patent granted by the government to an inventor for biological
entities and products derived from them. It allows the patent holder to prevent
others from making, using, selling, or importing the protected invention for a
limited period of time.
(iii) Gene
Cloning.
Ans:- Gene
cloning is a common practice in molecular biology laboratories used by
researchers to make copies of a particular gene for downstream applications
such as sequencing, mutagenesis, genotyping, or heterologous expression of
proteins.
11. Write the scientific names with their utilities of
the following plants: (any three)
½+½x3=3
(i) Tobacco
Ans:- Nicotiana
tabacum, commonly known as tobacco, is prepared from the dried leaves of the
tobacco plant. It belongs to the Solanaceae family. Tobacco contains alkaloids
(nicotine) which are stimulants. Dried tobacco leaves are mainly used for
smoking in cigarettes, cigars etc.
(ii) Tulsi
Ans:- In
traditional systems of medicine, various parts (leaves, stem, flowers, roots,
seeds and even the whole) of Ocimum sanctum Linn (known as Tulsi in Hindi), a
small herb seen throughout India, are used. ) is used. This plant has been
recommended for the treatment of bronchitis. , bronchial asthma, malaria,
diarrhoea, dysentery, skin diseases, arthritis, painful eye diseases, chronic
fever, insect bites etc.
(iii) Jute
Ans:- The
botanical name of jute is Corchorus (genus). The botanical name of the species
used in making sacks and bags is Corchorus olitorius.
(iv) Coffee
Ans:- The
botanical name of coffee is Coffea (genus). There are several species under the
genus, however, only two are cultivated for the production of coffee – Coffea
arabica and Coffea canephora.
Coffea Arabica
accounts for about 60–80% of the world's coffee production, while Coffea
canephora accounts for about 20–40%.
Various parts
of the coffee plant are used to treat influenza, anemia, edema, asthenia, and
anger.
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