IGNOU| URBAN SOCIOLOGY (BSOE - 141)| SOLVED PAPER – (DEC - 2022)| (BAG)| ENGLISH MEDIUM
BACHELOR OF ARTS (GENERAL) SOCIOLOGY
(BAG)
Term-End Examination
December - 2022
BSOE-141
URBAN SOCIOLOGY
Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 100
Note: Answer any five questions in about 400 words
each.
1. Discuss the origin and development of urban sociology. 20
Ans:- Urban sociology is a branch of sociology that
studies the impact of urban life on human social actions, relationships, and
institutions. It developed in the United States in the 20th century.
Urban sociology
developed in Western societies as scholars became interested in cities and
their relationship to complex social, cultural, and economic structures. The
word "urban" comes from the Latin word "urales", which the
Romans used to define a city.
Urban
sociology developed in the following contexts:-
(i)
Revolutionary War in the United States
(ii) Second
World War
(iii)
Industrial Revolution in Europe
Most work on
urban sociology has been done in the United States, where by the 1920s more
Americans lived in cities than in rural areas. The Chicago School is known for
developing its urban sociology and symbolic interactionist approaches. This
approach focuses on how human behavior is shaped by social structures and
physical environmental factors rather than genetic and individual
characteristics.
The development
of urban sociology in India has been slow because most of the population lives
in rural areas. Urban studies was first introduced in 1915 by Patrick Geddes, a
social scientist at the University of Bombay. In the post-independence period,
there was considerable progress in research on urban problems in India.
2. Define city. Describe social segregation in cities. 20
Ans:- A city is a human settlement of significant
size that is permanent and densely populated. Cities are relatively permanent
and highly organized centers of population that are larger or more important
than a town or village.
Social
segregation in cities is the unequal distribution of different social groups in
an urban area. This may be based on occupation, income, education, gender and
ethnicity.
Segregation may
have a spatial aspect, which is particularly evident in cities. It can be
defined as a restriction of interaction to include or not involve physical
space.
Segregation can
occur when people from different socio-economic groups in a city have less
opportunity to come into contact with people different from them. It can also
be used to indicate social distancing in workplaces, public places and service
provision.
Isolation is an
inherent characteristic of cities and has been the focus of interest in various
scientific fields. This may include ethnic, racial, economic, religious and
gender grounds.
Urban
segregation is the unequal distribution of different social groups in an urban
area, based primarily on occupation, income and education, as well as gender
and ethnicity. Quality of life and number of healthy life years also vary
between these groups.
3. What do you understand by the term political economy?
20
Ans:- Political economy is a social science that
studies the relationship between a country's population and its government when
public policy is implemented. It is the result of the interaction between
politics and economy.
Political
economy is a social science that studies production, trade and their
relationship with law and government. It is the study of how economic
principles influence public policy as well as the creation and implementation
of various socio-economic systems such as socialism and communism.
Political
Economy Study:-
(i) Relations
between production, trade and law and government
(ii) How economic
theories influence different socio-economic systems like socialism and
communism
(iii)
Formulation and implementation of public policy
(iv) Economic
systems and their governance by political systems
(v) Systems
like labor market and financial market
(vi) Phenomena
like development, distribution, inequality and trade
Political
economy is an interdisciplinary field that combines economics, political
science, and sociology. It originated in the 16th century and is the precursor
to the modern discipline of economics.
Topics in
political economy include:-
(i) Inequality
(in class, gender, race, ethnicity)
(ii)
Redistribution
(iii) Economic
development
(iv)
Globalization
(v)
Macroeconomic policy
(vi) Economic
crisis
(vii) Populism
(viii)
Environmental policy
4. What is Migration? Explain its patterns in India. 20
[COMING SOON]
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