AHSEC| CLASS 11| ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION| SOLVED PAPER - 2020| H.S.1ST YEAR
2020
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
Full Marks: 40
Pass Marks: 12
Time: 2 hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions
1. (a) Express in one or two words: 1x5=5
(i) What is the name of outer mantle of Earth?
Ans:- The lithosphere.
(ii) Give example of one lotic aquatic ecosystem.
Ans:- Examples of lotic aquatic ecosystems include: Rivers, Streams, Brooks, Springs.
(iii) Mention one ethical use of Biodiversity.
Ans:- One ethical use of biodiversity is to allow all organisms to live in their own habitats. Humans have no right to destroy the habitat and the biodiversity.
(iv) Which day is observed as World Environment Day?
Ans:- On June 5th.
(v) Write the fulll form of NDRF.
Ans:- National Disaster Response Force.
(b) Fill in the blanks: 1x3=3
(i) "The Decade of action for Road Safety" is started from March 2010.
(ii) Uranium is a nonrenewable energy resource.
(iii) Frog is secondary level consumer of an ecosystem.
2. Write short accounts on (any five) 2x5=10
(a) Food web
Ans:- A food web is formed by the interrelationships of different food chains that depend on each other. It involves a complex interrelationship of producers and consumers. Here, organisms at higher trophic levels feed on a variety of organisms belonging to lower trophic levels.
(b) In-situ conservation
Ans:- In-situ conservation is the process of preserving an endangered species in its natural habitat. It is a method of conservation that involves the conservation of species in their natural habitat i.e. in the area where the species is naturally found. The natural habitat or entire ecosystem is maintained and protected. There is no need to isolate certain individuals of the species, create artificial habitats for their maintenance, feed them and provide them a mate for their reproduction.
(c) Causes of Threats to Biodiversity
Ans:- Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth, and it is vital to the health of our planet. Biodiversity provides us with food, medicine and other resources. It also helps clean air and water and regulate climate.
However, biodiversity is under threat from many human activities. These threats include:-
(i) Habitat loss: This is the biggest threat to biodiversity. When we clear forests, build roads and develop land, we destroy plant and animal habitats. This may lead to their extinction.
(ii) Pollution: Pollution can contaminate air, water and soil and make it difficult for plants and animals to survive.
(d) Sources of air pollution
Ans:- Air pollution is a major environmental problem that affects both human health and the natural world. It is caused by the release of harmful substances into the air, which can come from a variety of sources.
Some of the most common sources of air pollution include:-
(i) Transportation: Cars, trucks, buses, and airplanes emit a variety of pollutants, including carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter.
(ii) Industry: Factories and other industrial facilities release a variety of pollutants, including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter.
(e) Conservational energy resource
Ans:- Energy conservation is the practice of reducing energy consumption by using energy more efficiently (using less energy for the same service) and reducing the amount of service used (for example, by driving less).
There are many ways to conserve energy. Some of the most common include:-
(i) Switch off the lights when you leave the room.
(ii) Unplug appliances when you are not using them.
(f) International Driving Permit
Ans:- An International Driving Permit (IDP) is a translation of a domestic driver's license that allows the holder to drive a private motor vehicle in any country or jurisdiction that recognizes the document. It is an official travel document authorized by the United Nations and is given to people who visit foreign countries. The IDP is accepted as proof of your driving ability and the document confirms that you have a valid driver's license in your country.
The 1949 Geneva Convention states that an IDP is valid for one year from the date of issue with a grace period of six months.
(g) Greenhouse gases.
Ans:- Greenhouse gases are gases present in the Earth's atmosphere that trap heat. They allow sunlight to pass through the atmosphere, warming the Earth's surface. At night, the Earth's surface cools, allowing heat to escape back into the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases trap some of this heat, keeping Earth's temperature warmer than it would be without them.
The main greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Human activities are increasing the levels of these gases in the atmosphere, causing the Earth to warm. This warming is known as global warming.
3. Define and distinguish (any four): 2+1x4=12
(a) Atmosphere and Biosphere
Ans:- The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. The biosphere is the layer of life on Earth.
The atmosphere contains abundant oxygen, which is vital for life on Earth. It also helps protect the Earth from the Sun's radiation. The atmosphere is located primarily in the lower part of the stratosphere, about 15–35 km (9.3–21.7 mi; 49,000–115,000 ft). The thickness of the atmosphere varies seasonally and geographically.
The biosphere is the part of the Earth that includes all biological communities and their environment. It is a narrow area of the Earth's surface where multiple domains such as land, water and air connect with each other to support life. The biosphere includes the living aspects of the Earth, while the atmosphere consists only of the gases that make up it.
The biosphere is constantly interacting with other areas. For example, when people clear forests or burn fossil fuels such as coal and oil, oxygen levels in the atmosphere decrease and carbon dioxide levels increase.
(b) Consumer and Decomposer
Ans:- Consumers are organisms that obtain food by eating other organisms. Decomposers, on the other hand, obtain food by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or other organic waste.
Here are some other differences between consumers and decomposers:-
(i) Consumers: Organisms that depend on green plants and other animals for food. They need to eat other living things, such as plants or animals, to get their energy.
(ii) Decomposers: Some micro-organisms which eat dead bodies of organisms and decaying organic matter. They have the job of "recycling" dead organisms and waste into nonliving elements.
(c) Pollutant and Pollution
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