AHSEC| CLASS 11| LOGIC AND PHILOSOPHY| SOLVED PAPER - 2018| H.S.1ST YEAR
2018
LOGIC & PHILOSOPHY
Full Marks: 100
Pass Marks: 30
Time: 3 hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions
1. Answer the following as directed: 1x12=12
(a) Which of the following statements is not correct?
(i) Knowledge by internal perception is immediate knowledge.
(ii) Knowledge by testimony is mediate knowledge.
(iii) Knowledge by inference is not mediate knowledge.
(iv) Knowledge by external perception is not mediate knowledge.
Ans:- (iii) Knowledge by inference is not mediate knowledge.
(b) “Whatever is materially true, may not be formally true.” – Is it correct?
Ans:- Incorrect.
(c) Which of the following statements is correct?
(i) All terms are not words.
(ii) All words are terms.
(iii) Some words are not terms.
(iv) No word is term.
Ans:- (iii) Some words are not terms.
(d) Is the copula a term in a logical proposition?
Ans:- No, copula is not a term, it is only a sign of relation between subject term and predicate term.
(e) Find out the correct answer: The quantitative / qualitative meaning of a term is its denotation.
(f) Which of the following propositions is an example of one-predicate general proposition?
(i) Lions exist.
(ii) Some philosophers are not politicians.
(iii) Nothing is permanent.
(iv) No men are angels.
Ans:- (iii) Nothing is permanent.
(g) “In inductive inference the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises.” – It is true?
Ans:- True.
(h) What is the position of the middle term in the second figure of a syllogism?
Ans:- The middle term is a mediating term by which we pass from premises to conclusion.
(i) State any one utility of using symbols in logic.
Ans:- One utility of using symbols in logic is that it allows more concise and precise expression of logical ideas.
(j) How many simple propositions are there in the following compound proposition?
“It is not true that Hari plays football but Jadu plays cricket.”
Ans:- The given compound proposition consists of two simple propositions.
(k) Which of the following groups of philosophers is a group of rationalists?
(i) Descartes, Hume, Spinoza.
(ii) Plato, Spinoza, Leibniz.
(iii) Hume, Locke, Berkeley.
(iv) Descartes, Spinoza, Locke.
Ans:- (iv) Descartes, Spinoza, Locke.
(l) Who is the founder of Vaisesika Philosophy?
Ans:- Kanada Kashyapa.
2. What is material truth? Give example. 1+1=2
Ans:- Material truth is a philosophical concept that concerns whether or not the conclusion of an argument is true, at least to the extent that the truth can be determined. A judgment is materially true when, in addition to being formally true, it is in accordance with the facts. In other words, a materially true statement is one that is logically valid and factually accurate.
Here are some examples of physical truths:-
(i) Hex color code for Red color is #ff0000.
(ii) The Earth is round.
3. State any two points of difference between traditional logic and symbolic logic. 2
Ans:- The points of difference between traditional and symbolic logic are:-
(i) Symbolic logic has slort history but the tradition logic has a long one.
(ii) The use of variables in symbolic logic is much wider than traditional logic.
4. Define negative proposition with suitable example. 1+1=2
Ans:- A Negative proposition is one, in which the predicate is denied of the subject. For example - "No men are perfect."
5. What is meant by distribution of terms? 2
Ans:- In a proposal, a word is distributed if it implies all other proposals that differ from it, only one word whose extension is part of the original word.
Distribution of terms is related to two points:-
(i) Classes specified by subject and predicate words
(ii) To what extent have these classes been captured or distributed
6. Define subject less proposition with suitable example. 1+1=2
Ans:- A subjectless proposal is a sentence which has no subject. The subject is the person or thing that performs the action in the sentence. In a subjectless proposal the verb is implied or understood.
Here are some examples of subjectless proposals:-
Warning, Help, Fire, Earthquake, Attention, Silence, Stay Out, No Smoking, No Trespassing, Welcome, Greetings, Best Wishes.
7. State any two distinctions between sentence and proposition. 2
Ans:- Here are some differences between a sentence and a proposition:-
(i) Tense: A proposition is always in the present tense, while a sentence can be in any tense.
(ii) Meaning: A proposition is a meaning made up of concepts, while a sentence is a linguistic entity.
(iii) Truth value: A proposition can be true or false, while a sentence can be correct or incorrect.
(iv) Unit: A sentence is a unit of grammar, while a proposition is a unit of logic and thought.
8. State any two points of difference between deductive and inductive inference. 2
Ans:- (i) In Deductive Inference we pass from the general to the particular. On the otherhand, in Inductive Inference we pass from particular to general.
(ii) In Deductive Inference, the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises. But in Inference the conclusion do not necessarily follow from the premises.
9. Give the converse and obverse of proposition – “No men are gods.” 1+1=2
Ans:- Converse: Some God's are not man.
Obverse: All mens are god.
10. State any two general rules of pure categorical syllogism. 2
Ans:- Here are two general rules of pure categorical syllogism:-
(i) The middle term must be distributed at least once.
(ii) No term may be distributed in the conclusion unless it is distributed in the premises.
11. State any two points of similarity between philosophy and science. 2
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