AHSEC| CLASS 12| PSYCHOLOGY| SOLVED PAPER - 2020| H.S. 2ND YEAR
2020
PSYCHOLOGY
(Theory)
Full Marks: 70
Pass Marks: 21
Time: Three hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions
1. Answer the following:
(a) Write very short answers to the following questions: 1x4=4
(i) What is chronological age? 1
Ans:- Chronological age is the time that has passed since a person's birth. This is also known as physical age.
(ii) What is aptitude? 1
Ans:- Aptitude is a person's ability to acquire skills and knowledge. It can also refer to a person's ability to learn a specific skill.
(iii) What is cognition? 1
Ans:- Cognition is a mental process that involves receiving and processing information.
(iv) Define skill. 1
Ans:- Skill is a talent or knowledge acquired through practice and learning. It can also be defined as an efficiency, facility or mastery that is developed through training and experience.
(b) Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: 1x4=4
(i) Personal identity refers to those attributes of a person that make her/ him different from others. 1
(ii) A delusion is a false belief that is firmly held on inadequate grounds. 1
(iii) According to Selye, General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) involves three stages: alarm reaction, resistance and exhaustion. 1
(iv) The word aggression refers to any behaviour by one person/ persons that is intended to cause harm to another person/ persons. 1
2. Write short answers to the following questions: 2x10=20
(a) What is self-regulation? 2
Ans:- Self-regulation is the ability to organize and monitor one's own behavior. People with high self-regulation can change their behavior to meet the demands of their environment.
Self-regulation may also include:-
(i) Predicting how others will react
(ii) Detecting threats from others
(b) What do you understand by ego defence mechanism? 2
Ans:- Ego defense mechanisms are unconscious psychological processes that help people cope with anxiety. They are a way to reduce anxiety by distorting reality.
Ego defense mechanisms are normal and adaptive, and people who use them are often unaware of doing so. They protect the ego against the awareness of instinctive needs.
(c) What is meant by psychological stress? 2
Ans:- Psychological stress is an emotional response to a stressful situation or stimulus. This may be short-term or long-term, depending on whether the cause is temporary or ongoing.
Some types of psychological stress include:-
(i) Chronic stress: Long-term stress, such as an unhappy marriage or a challenging profession.
(ii) Routine stress: Constant pressure from school, work, relationships and other responsibilities
(d) What is hallucination? 2
Ans:- Hallucinations are false beliefs that occur in the absence of external stimuli. Hallucinations can affect all five senses and are a symptom of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
Some examples of hallucinations include:- visual hallucinations, auditory hallucinations, olfactory hallucinations, tactile hallucinations, gustatory hallucinations.
(e) What do you understand by the term schema? 2
Ans:- Schema is a cognitive framework that helps people organize and interpret information. It describes the patterns of thinking and behavior that people use to interpret the world.
Examples of schema include:-
(i) Object schema: Help people interpret and understand inanimate objects, including identifying these objects and their functions. For example, someone may have an object schema about how to use a pen.
(ii) Role schema: Have information about the social roles and positions of people in the society. This includes both received roles and assigned roles.
(f) What is meant by pro-environmental behaviour? 2
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