AHSEC| CLASS 12| BIOLOGY| SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| H.S. 2ND YEAR
BIOLOGY
SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Part-I (Botany)
Solved
questions for 1 mark each:-
1. What is meant by Clone? 1
Ans:-
Clone is defined as an exact carbon copy or copies of a single genetic parent.
The term 'clone' refers only to the living species. If cloning technology is
applied to veterinary science, valuable animals can be cloned from desirable
adult cells.
2. Define the
term Apomixis. 1
Ans:-
Apomixis is the process of asexual seed production without fertilization. The
plants growing from these seeds are similar to the mother plant.
3. How the
ages of fossils are calculated? 1
Ans:- The
age of a fossil can be calculated using radioactive dating, also known as
radiometric dating. This technique compares the abundance of a radioactive
isotope with its decay products using known decay rates.
Radiometric
dating is the most accurate method of determining the age of a fossil. It
depends directly on the decay rates, or half-lives, of radioactive elements to
determine the date of rocks.
There
are two methods of determining the age of fossils:-
(i)
Relative dating: compares the fossil with similar rocks and fossils of
known age
(ii)
Absolute dating: Uses radiometric dating to measure the decay of isotopes
to determine the exact age of the fossil
Some
techniques work best with materials millions or billions of years old, while
others work only for very young materials. Each method only works for certain
materials, ranging from volcanic rock to charcoal and bone.
4. Write the
scientific name of the microorganism used to produce ethanol. 1
Ans:- In
the wine industry, baker's yeast or Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used to produce
alcohol. This releases carbon dioxide in the form of gas from the sugar.
5. Name the
edible part of an apple. 1
Ans:- The thalamus.
6. Why
grafting is not possible in monocot plants? 1
Ans:-
Grafting is not possible in monocot plants because they lack cambium tissue.
7. Name the
micro-organism that converts milk to curd. 1
Ans:- Lactobacillus Bacteria.
8. What is
the function of DNA ligase? 1
Ans:- It
catalyses the formation of phosphodiester bonds between two DNA fragments.
9. Who is
regarded as the father of green revolution? 1
Ans:- Dr.
M. S. Swaminathan.
10. The
pollination done by snails is called ………... 1
Ans:- Malacophily.
11. What is GMO?
1
Ans:- Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are
those in which the DNA of a desired organism is inserted in the laboratory.
These are also called transgenic organisms.
12. Name the
bacterium which was controlled with penicillin by Alexander Flemming. 1
Ans:- Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in
1928 while studying the properties of staphylococci. They found that their
"mold juice" could kill many types of harmful bacteria, including
streptococci, meningococci, and diphtheria bacillus.
13. What do
you mean by Bt? 1
Ans:- The
full form of BT is Bacillus Thuringiensis. Bt crops are transgenic crops that
have been genetically engineered from the DNA of the bacterium Bacillus
thuringiensis. Bacillus thuringiensis in plant cells, thereby protecting crops
from pests.
14. What is
conidia? 1
Ans:- Conidia
are asexual, immobile spores of a fungus. Asexual reproduction in ascomycetes
occurs by the process of formation of conidia which are borne on specialized
stalks commonly called conidiophores.
15. Give an
example of endomycorrhiza. 1
Ans:- Endomycorrhizae
are more closely related to plant roots, where most plants such as crops,
greenhouse plants such as fruits, vegetables all contain endomycorrhizae.
16. What is
gene pool? 1
Ans:- The
gene pool is the sum of all the genes and their alleles in a population. It is
also called the total genetic diversity found within a population or species.
17. Why
grafting is not possible in Monocotyledonous plants? 1
Ans:- Grafting is not possible in monocotyledonous
plants, also known as monocots, because they lack cambium tissue.
18. Name the
unicellular fungi which reproduces asexually by budding. 1
Ans:- Yeast is a unicellular fungus that reproduces
asexually by budding.
19. What were
the raw materials used in Miller’s experiment? 1
Ans:- The Miller-Urey experiment used the following
raw materials: Methane, Ammonia, Hydrogen, Water.
20. What is
hidden hunger? 1
Ans:- Hidden hunger is a deficiency of nutrients
such as micronutrients, proteins and vitamins, which occurs when food eaten as
part of a regular diet does not meet the nutrient requirements of the organism.
People in developing countries often suffer from hidden hunger because most
people cannot afford nutrient-rich food.
21. What is Plasmid? 1
Ans:- Plasmid
refers to a DNA molecule separated from chromosomal DNA, which has the ability
to replicate itself.
22. Name the
plant body where bisexual and both unisexual male and female flowers are
present. 1
Ans:- 'Monoecious'.
23. Write full
forms of VAM. 1
Ans:- Vesicular – Arbuscular Mycorrhiza.
24. Who
proposed Mutation theory? 1
Ans:- The
mutation theory of evolution was proposed by Hugo de Vries.
25. What is
embryogenesis? 1
Ans:- Embryogenesis is the process by which a
fertilized egg develops into an embryo.
26. What is
GMO? 1
Ans:- GMO means genetically modified organism. These
are organisms whose DNA has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.
27. The
micro-organism used 10 produce lactic acid through fermentation process is
known as Lactobacillus. 1
28. Why is
apple called a false fruit? 1
Ans:- Apples are considered false fruits because
they develop from parts of the plant other than the ovary. True fruits, on the
other hand, develop from the ovary and do not contain other floral parts.
29. Name the
enzyme which help in unwind of the DNA helix. 1
Ans:- helicases.
30. Where is
occurred coleoptile? 1
Ans:- In grass plants.
31. What is
cellular totipotency? 1
Ans:- Cellular
totipotency is the inherent ability of a plant cell to give rise to an entire
plant, an ability that is retained even after a single cell has undergone final
differentiation in the plant body.
32. What is
meant by speciation? 1
Ans:- Speciation
is defined as the evolutionary formation of new biological species, usually by
splitting the same species into two or more genetically distinct species.
Speciation occurs with the help of genetic drift, migration, geographical
isolation and natural selection.
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