AHSEC| CLASS 12| EDUCATION| SOLVED PAPER - 2024| H.S. 2ND YEAR
2024
EDUCATION
Full Marks: 100
Pass Marks: 30
Time: Three hours
The figures in the margin indicate
full marks for the questions.
1. Answer the following questions: (any twelve) 1x12=12
Fill in the
blanks:
(a) The
Chairman of Secondary Education Commission of 1952-53 was Dr. Lakshmanswami Mudaliar.
(b) Secondary
education system of Assam was controlled by Calcutta University since 1882 to 1948.
(c) In the
state of Maharashtra, the first Open
University of India was established.
(d) Absence
of direct contact between teacher and student is an important characteristic of
Distance Education.
(e) A German
biologist Ernst Haeckel introduced
the concept of ‘Environmental Consciousness’ in 1869.
(f) The
concept of ‘Population Education’ was developed by the American sociologist C.E. Vincent.
(g) ‘Gestalt’
is a German word which means’ form’
or ‘total pattern’.
(h) In a
polygon, frequencies are plotted on the
horizontal axis of the class
intervals.
Give short
answer in one sentence:
(i) In which
year Krishna Kanta Handique State Open University was established in Assam?
Ans:- Krishna
Kanta Handique State Open University was established in 2006 as per the
provision of Krishna Kanta Handique State Open University Act 2005 which was
enacted in Assam Legislative Assembly and notified in Assam Gazette on 29th
September, 2005.
(j) From
which year twelve-year school education course has been implemented in Assam?
Ans:- 12-year
school education curriculum has been implemented in Assam from 2018.
(k) In which
year National Policy for the Empowerment of Women was adopted in India?
Ans:- National
Policy for Empowerment of Women was adopted in India in 2001.
(l) “Learning
is the modification of behaviour through experience and training.” Who said
this statement?
Ans:- “Learning
is the modification of behaviour through experience and training” statement was
stated by Edward Thorndike.
(m) Who
propounded the theory of connectionism?
Ans:- The
theory of connectionism was propounded by Edward Thorndike.
(n) What is
law of effect?
Ans:- Law
of effect states that responses which produce satisfying effects in a
particular situation are more likely to occur again in that situation, and
responses which produce discomforting effects are less likely to occur again in
that situation.
(o) “Interest
is latent attention, and attention is interest in action.” Who said this
statement?
Ans:- “Interest
is latent attention, and attention is interest in action” was said by Edouard
Claparède.
(p) Write the
formula for finding out mean by ‘assumed mean’ method.
Ans:- The
formula to find the mean by ‘Estimated mean’ method is:
Mean =
Estimated mean + Σfd/n
Where:
Σfd = Sum of the
product of deviations (d) and their respective frequencies (f)
n = Total number
of observations
2. Answer any twelve of the following question: 2x12=24
(a) Mention
two important impacts of Kothari Commission on the Secondary Education of
Assam.
Ans:- Based
on the findings, the two major impacts of the Kothari Commission on secondary
education in Assam are as follows:-
(i) The
recommendations of the Kothari Commission led to the establishment of the
Assam Higher Secondary Education Council in 1984. As a result, the
responsibilities of higher secondary education, including management, control
and administration, were transferred from the Board of Secondary Education of
Assam to the new Assam Higher Secondary Education Council.
(ii) The Assam
Higher Secondary Education Council was given the power to prepare and
publish textbooks, formulate syllabi and manage examinations for higher
secondary education in the state.
In short,
the recommendations of the Kothari Commission were instrumental in restructuring
the governance and administration of higher secondary education in Assam, the
establishment of the Assam Higher Secondary Education Council took over these
responsibilities from the previous Board of Secondary Education.
(b) Write two
importances of Non-formal Education.
Ans:- The
main importances of non-formal education are:-
(i)
Flexibility and adaptability: Informal education is flexible and can be
easily adapted to suit the needs of individual learners. It is not constrained
by the rigid structure of formal schooling, leading to more personalised and
relevant learning experiences.
(ii)
Reaching out marginalised groups: Informal education often targets and
provides learning opportunities to marginalised groups who do not have access
to or succeed in the formal education system, such as school dropouts, working
children, nomadic communities and people with disabilities.
By providing
functional literacy, vocational training and other relevant skills, non-formal
education helps ensure more equitable access to education and development
opportunities for those who have been left behind by the formal system.
(c) Write two
differences between Formal Education and Non-formal Education.
Ans:- The two
main differences between formal education and informal education are as
follows:-
(i) Structure
and curriculum: Formal education follows a structured, hierarchical
curriculum that is predetermined and standardized. In contrast, informal
education is more flexible and adaptable, in that the curriculum can be
adjusted to meet the specific needs of learners.
(ii)
Certification and credentials: Formal education generally results in a
recognized certificate, diploma, or degree that can lead to better job
opportunities. On the other hand, informal education may not always provide
official certification, although some programs do offer certificates or
credentials.
"Formal
education is hierarchically structured. It is planned and deliberate. Fixed
fees are paid regularly. It has a chronological grading system. It has a
curriculum and is subject-oriented. The curriculum has to be completed within a
specific time period."
"Informal
education is planned and separate from the school system. Timetables and
curricula may be adjustable. Unlike theoretical formal education, it is
practical and vocational education. Informal education has no age limit. Fees
or certifications may or may not be required."
(d) Mention
two needs of population education.
Ans:- The
main needs and importance of population education are:-
(i)
Population explosion affects every aspect of human life – personal,
national and international. It affects the health, wealth and happiness of
individuals and families.
(ii)
Overpopulation affects the health and well-being of the younger generation.
It creates obstacles in raising the standard of living of the general public.
(iii) Rapid
growth of population is a constant threat to economic development.
Population education is needed to reduce problems like food shortage, economic
issues, environmental degradation and educational challenges.
(iv)
Population education is highly relevant to the lives of people today. It is
a new subject area that encourages improvements in teaching methods, education
system, student and teacher values and many other areas.
(v) The aim
of population education is to create awareness about population dynamics
and enable people to make rational decisions about population matters. It is
needed to stabilize population growth in accordance with the needs of the
national economy.
In short, population
education is crucial to address the challenges posed by rapid population
growth, improve the quality of life and achieve sustainable development in
India. It should be prioritised as a continuous process to inform and empower
the younger generation.
(e) Write two
needs and Importance of physical education.
Ans:- The
main needs and importance of physical education for students are as follows:-
(i) Physical
education improves academic performance: Studies have shown that physical
activity and participation in sports and physical education have a positive
impact on academic achievement. Physical education helps students stay focused,
motivated, and productive, which can lead to better performance in the
classroom.
(ii) Physical
education develops social skills: Physical education teaches students
important social and communication skills through teamwork, collaboration, and
interaction during group activities and sports. It helps students develop a
sense of identity and learn to support and work with others.
(iii)
Physical education reduces stress and improves mental health: Getting
involved in physical activity and exercise can help reduce stress, anxiety, and
negative emotions in students. It supports emotional stability, self-esteem,
and overall mental health.
(iv) Physical
education promotes physical fitness: Regular participation in physical
education helps students develop motor skills, hand-eye coordination, and
physical fitness. It establishes healthy habits that can last a lifetime.
In short, physical
education is important for the overall development of students, improving their
academic performance, social skills, mental health and physical fitness. It is
an essential part of holistic education
(f) Write two
relations between maturation and learning.
Ans:- There
are two main relationships between maturation and learning:-
(i)
Maturation facilitates learning. Learning becomes more effective when an
individual attains an appropriate level of maturity. For example, a child can
learn to talk only after reaching a certain stage of maturity, even if they
have been exposed to language stimuli earlier. Maturation provides the internal
conditions and readiness necessary to develop certain behaviours and skills
through learning.
(ii)
Maturation and learning interact and influence each other. While maturity
sets the boundaries and provides the basic conditions for learning, the actual
behaviours and skills that develop are determined by the interaction between
maturity and environmental factors such as experience, stimulation and
practice. Learning also influences maturity, as the two processes occur
simultaneously and each influences the other. The complex interplay between
maturation and learning gives flexibility to development and accounts for
individual differences in behaviour.
(g) Write two
subjective factors of learning.
Ans:- Here
are two subjective factors that can influence learning:-
(i)
Motivation: Motivation is an important factor in learning. When a person is
motivated to learn, he or she is more likely to engage with the material, put
in effort, and retain the information. Motivation can come from within
(intrinsic motivation) or from external rewards or pressures (extrinsic
motivation). Intrinsic motivation, such as a genuine interest in the subject
matter, leads to deeper, more lasting learning.
(ii)
Attitude: A person's attitude toward learning can significantly influence
their ability to acquire new knowledge and skills. A positive, open, and
curious attitude helps learning, while a negative or resistant attitude can
hinder it. Factors such as self-confidence, willingness to take risks, and the
ability to handle failure and mistakes can all influence a person's attitude
toward learning. Developing a growth mindset, where challenges are seen as
opportunities to learn and improve, can help foster a positive learning
attitude.
(h) What is
habit memory?
Ans:-
Habit memory is the idea according to which habits are formed partly through
remembering, but this is not necessarily true.
Habits can
also be formed without relying on memory:-
(i) Even
people who are unable to form new memories, such as patient Eugene, can
learn new habits. Eugene can form habits such as taking a walk around his block
or playing simple memory games, even though he cannot consciously remember them
at first.
(ii) Habits
are formed and stored in the basal ganglia, a more primitive part of the
brain, rather than in the memory-forming parts of the brain.
(iii) Habit
formation involves a "habit cycle" of cue, routine, and reward,
which can become automatic over time. This process does not rely on conscious
memory.
(iv) While memory
and habits are related, they are separate processes in the brain. Habits can be
formed independently of the ability to form new memories.
In short,
habit formation does not require habit memory. Habits can be learned and
executed without relying on conscious memory or recall. The key is the habit
cycle of cues, routines, and rewards, which over time becomes ingrained in the
basal ganglia of the brain.
(i) Write two
mental causes of forgetting.
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