AHSEC, CLASS - 12, BUSINESS STUDIES, SOLVED PAPER - 2024| H.S. 2ND YEAR
2024
BUSINESS STUDIES
Full Marks: 80
Pass Marks: 24
Time: Three hours
The figures in the margin indicate
full marks for the questions
1. (a) At what level of management a managing director work? 1
Ans:- A
managing director typically works at the top level of management.
(b) What is
meant by fatigue study? 1
Ans:- Fatigue
study is a technique of scientific management developed by F.W. Taylor which
aims to determine the amount and frequency of rest intervals to be provided to
employees during working hours.
(c) What is policy?
1
Ans:- A
policy can be defined as a set of general guidelines that facilitate uniformity
in decision-making, helping the organization achieve its objectives. It
provides a framework for addressing specific situations or problems, allowing
managers at different levels to make informed decisions without the need for
constant approval from higher-ups.
Or
Give an
example of policy.
Ans:- An
example of a business policy is the equal opportunity and anti-discrimination
policy. This policy outlines the organization's commitment to providing equal
opportunities to all employees and applicants regardless of race, religion,
sex, age, disability, or other protected characteristics.
(d) What is
meant by money supply in the economy? 1
Ans:-
Money supply refers to the total amount of money available in an economy at a
given time, including currency, deposits, and other liquid instruments. It is
an important economic indicator used by central banks to monitor and control
inflation.
(e)
Responsibilities flow upward/ downward.
(Choose the correct word) 1
(f) Selection
is a positive process. 1
Ans:- Selection
is a positive process of choosing the most suitable candidate from a group of
applicants for a particular position. It helps to ensure that the right person
is hired for the job.
2. What is the significance of dividend decision? 2
Ans:- The dividend decision is an important aspect of
financial management that determines how much of a company's net profit will be
distributed to shareholders as dividends and how much will be retained for
reinvestment in the business.
The
importance of the dividend decision as follows:-
(i) Effect
on shareholder wealth: The dividend decision directly affects shareholders'
wealth. Higher dividend payments increase cash flow to shareholders in the
short term, while lower payments retain more money for company growth,
potentially increasing shareholder wealth in the long term.
(ii)
Financing growth opportunities: Proceeds from dividend decisions can be
used to finance the company's growth opportunities, such as expansion,
diversification or investment in new projects. This internal financing is often
preferred to external financing because of lower costs and better control.
Or
What is
trademark?
Ans:- A
trademark is a recognizable mark, symbol, word, or phrase that identifies and
distinguishes the source of goods or services from others. It serves as a form
of intellectual property that provides legal protection for a brand, enabling
consumers to identify the origin of products or services in the marketplace.
3. Write two significances of packaging. 2
Ans:- Two significances of packaging are:-
(i) Product
protection: Packaging serves to protect products from damage, spoilage and
contamination during transportation and storage. It is important to maintain
the quality and safety of the product till it reaches the consumer.
(ii) Product
differentiation: Effective packaging helps to differentiate a product from
its competitors. An attractive and unique design can create a strong brand
identity and influence consumer purchasing decisions, making it easier for
consumers to recognize and choose the product in a crowded market.
4. Write two responsibilities of a consumer to safeguard
his interest. 2
Ans:- The consumer has two responsibilities to protect
his interests are:-
(i) Making
informed decisions: Consumers should read labels and packaging carefully to
understand the product's ingredients, usage instructions and safety
information. This helps them make informed choices and avoid products that may
not meet their needs or safety standards.
(ii)
Reporting Issues: Consumers have a responsibility to report any deceptive
packaging or product defects to the relevant authorities. This can help protect
not only their interests but also the interests of other consumers by promoting
accountability among manufacturers.
5. What is deviation in controlling? 2
Ans:- Deviations in control indicate the difference
between actual performance and standard performance. It is the difference
between what is planned or expected and what actually occurs.
There are
two types of deviations:-
(i)
Positive Deviation: When actual performance exceeds the standard
(ii)
Negative Deviation: When actual performance falls short of the standard
Deviations in
control are important because they help identify areas where corrective action
is required to align actual results with planned objectives. By continuously
monitoring deviations, managers can ensure that organisational goals are being
met efficiently.
6. Write three features of formal communication. 3
Ans:- There are three features of formal communication:-
(i)
Controlled and Structured: Formal communication follows a predefined
channel and adheres to a strict hierarchy within an organization. It ensures
that information flows systematically and is directed to the appropriate
recipients, maintaining clarity and minimizing misunderstanding.
(ii) Written
and oral forms: It can take both written forms (such as reports, memos and
emails) and oral forms (such as meetings and presentations). This duality
provides flexibility in communication, as well as ensuring that important
information is documented for future reference.
(iii) Defined
rules and regulations: Formal communication is governed by established
protocols that determine how information should be shared. These rules help
maintain professionalism and ensure that messages are communicated clearly and
accurately, which supports organisational objectives.
7. Write the features of organising. 3
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