AHSEC| CLASS 12| PHYSICS| SOLVED PAPER - 2024| H.S. 2ND YEAR

AHSEC| CLASS 12| PHYSICS| SOLVED PAPER - 2024| H.S. 2ND YEAR

2024
PHYSICS
(Theory)
Full Marks: 70
Pass Marks: 21
Time: Three hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the question.

 

1. Answer any eight questions from the following as directed: 1x8=8

(a) The process of sharing charges with the earth is called earthing.

(b) What is the unit of mobility?

Ans:- The unit of mobility is m²/V s (square meter per volt-second).

(c) Magnetic field lines are also called magnetic lines of force. (State true or false)

(d) Find the magnitude of current induced in a coil of resistance 2Ω if the e.m.f induced there is 3.8x10-3V.

(e) What is the general feature of electromagnetic waves?

Ans:- The general characteristic of electromagnetic waves is that they can propagate in vacuum and can travel at the speed of light.

(f) If the critical angle of water with respect to air is 48.75 and sin 48.75=0.75, cos 48.75=0.65 and tan 48.75=1.14 approximately, what will be the refractive index of water?


(g) For a given frequency of incident radiation photoelectric effect is independent of its intensity. (Fill in the blanks)

(h) In a-particle scattering experiment for (i) small, and (ii) large impact parameters the scattering angles are approximately equal to 180 and 0. (Fill in the blanks)

(i) If x equals one atomic mass number (u), then express y in a.m.u.(u).

Ans:- If x is equal to an atomic mass number (u), then y expressed in a.m.u. (u) is also 1 a.m.u.

(j) Write the full forms of (i) LCD, and (ii) CRT.

Ans:- The full forms are:

(i) LCD: Liquid Crystal Display

(ii) CRT: Cathode Ray Tube

(k) If the current flowing through a coil of N number of turns and cross-sectional area A be I, what will be its magnetic moment?

Ans:- If the current flowing through a coil having N turns and cross-sectional area A is I, then its magnetic moment m is given by: m=NIA.

(l) Write the expressions for equivalent capacitances if the capacitors C1 and C2 are connected in (i) series, and (ii) parallel.

(m) Mention the principle on which a transformer works.

Ans:- The principle on which the transformer works is electromagnetic induction.

2. Answer the following questions as directed: 2x10=20

(a) Classify the following into (i) polar, and (ii) non-polar molecules: CO2, HCl, H2 and H2O.

Ans:- To classify given molecules into polar and nonpolar categories, we need to consider their molecular geometry and the electronegativities of the atoms involved.

(i) Polar Molecules

(a) HCl (Hydrochloric Acid): HCl is polar because of the significant difference in electronegativities between hydrogen (H) and chlorine (Cl), resulting in a dipole moment.

(b) H2O (Water): Water is also a polar molecule. It has a bent molecular geometry, and the difference in electronegativities between hydrogen and oxygen creates a dipole moment.

(ii) Nonpolar Molecules

(a) CO2 (Carbon Dioxide): CO2 is nonpolar despite having a polar bond (C=O). Its linear geometry causes the dipole moments to cancel each other out.

(b) H2 (Hydrogen gas): H2 is non-polar as it has two identical hydrogen atoms sharing electrons equally, resulting in no dipole moment.

Summary:-

(i) Polar: HCl, H2O

(ii) Non-polar: CO2, H2

Or

Calculate the flux passing through a circular area of radius 5cm placed perpendicular to a uniform electric field


(b) “Inside a conductor, electrostatic field is zero.” Explain.

Ans:- Inside a conductor, the electrostatic field is zero because of the behaviour of free electrons in response to external electric fields. When a conductor is placed in an electric field, the free electrons within the conductor move in such a way that they redistribute themselves over the surface. This motion continues until they reach a state of electrostatic equilibrium, where the internal electric field cancels out any external influence.

Explanation:-

(i) Charge redistribution: In a conductor, the free electrons can move around easily. When an external electric field is applied, these electrons shift to one side of the conductor, causing the charge to separate. This results in the accumulation of a negative charge on one surface and an equal positive charge on the opposite surface.

(ii) State of equilibrium: In electrostatic equilibrium, the forces acting on these free electrons are balanced. If an electric field were present inside the conductor, it would exert a force on the electrons, causing them to move. However, in equilibrium, there is no net force acting on the electrons; Thus, they do not move, and the electric field inside the conductor remains zero.

(iii) Gauss's Law: This phenomenon can also be understood through Gauss's law, which states that the electric flux passing through a closed surface is proportional to the charge enclosed. Since there is no charge inside a conductor (all the excess charge remains on its surface), the electric field inside must be zero.

In short, the electrostatic field inside a conductor is zero because any external electric field induces charge separation which cancels any internal electric field, leading to a state of equilibrium where no net force acts on the charges within the conductor.

Or

A 12pF capacitor is connected to a 50V battery. How much electrostatic energy is stored in the capacitor?


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