AHSEC| CLASS 11| POLITICAL SCIENCE| SOLVED PAPER - 2024| H.S.1ST YEAR

 

AHSEC| CLASS 11| POLITICAL SCIENCE| SOLVED PAPER - 2024| H.S.1ST YEAR

2024
POLITICAL SCIENCE
Full Marks: 80
Pass Marks: 24
Time: 3 hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions.

 

PART-A

(Political Theory)

1. Answer the following as directed: 1x6=6

(a) Aristotle is regarded as the father of Political Science. (Fill in the blank)

(b) Name one supporter of negative liberty.

Ans:- John Locke.

(c) Mention one feature of equality.

Ans:- Equal treatment under the law.

(d) Give one example of political right.

Ans:- Right to vote.

(e) Mention one difference between citizen and alien.

Ans:- One difference between a citizen and an alien is that a citizen has legal rights and protections within the country, while an alien does not have the same rights and protections.

(f) Give one argument in favour of national self-determination.

Ans:- An argument in favor of national self-determination is that it allows a nation to govern itself and make decisions based on its cultural, historical, and political values.

2. Answer the following questions: 2x5=10

(a) Mention two aspects of liberty.

Ans:- There are two aspects of freedom:-

(i) Negative liberty: It refers to the absence of obstacles, barriers or constraints that may limit a person's actions. It emphasizes freedom from external interference.

(ii) Positive liberty: It involves the presence of conditions that enable individuals to pursue their goals and realize their full potential. It emphasizes the freedom to achieve one's objectives.

(b) What do you mean by economic inequality?

Ans:- Economic inequality refers to the unequal distribution of economic resources such as income, wealth and access to goods and services between individuals or groups within a society. This may lead to inequalities in living standards and opportunities.

(c) Explain the meaning of social justice.

Ans:- Social justice refers to the fair distribution of wealth, opportunities and privileges within society. It aims to ensure that everyone has equal access to resources and opportunities and no one is unfairly deprived because of their social status, gender, caste or other factors.

(d) Define politics.

Ans:- Politics is the study of power, authority and governance in society. It includes the processes by which decisions are made and implemented, often involving the distribution of resources and the exercise of power by individuals, groups or institutions.

(e) Mention two features of secularism.

Ans:- Secularism has two characteristics:-

(i) Separation of church and state: Secularism ensures that religious institutions do not interfere with the functioning of the state, and vice versa.

(ii) Equality of all religions: Secularism promotes the idea that all religions are treated equally and no religion is given preference over others by the state.

3. Write a note on John Rawls' theory on justice. 4

Ans:- John Rawls' theory of justice, which is outlined in his book A Theory of Justice, emphasizes on a fair and just society.

Rawls proposes two main principles:-

(i) Greatest equal liberty principle: Each individual should have an equal right to the broadest basic liberty consistent with equal liberty for all. This includes freedoms such as speech, assembly and conscience.

(ii) Second principle: It has two parts:-

(a) Difference principle: Social and economic inequalities should benefit the least advantaged members of society.

(b) Equal opportunity principle: Offices and positions should be open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity.

Rawls uses the concept of "original position" and "veil of ignorance" to ensure fairness in decision-making, where individuals make choices without knowing their personal circumstances.

4. Explain legal rights with examples. 4


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