AHSEC| CLASS 11| POLITICAL SCIENCE| SOLVED PAPER - 2024| H.S.1ST YEAR
2024
POLITICAL
SCIENCE
Full
Marks: 80
Pass
Marks: 24
Time:
3 hours
The
figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions.
PART-A
(Political Theory)
1. Answer the following as directed: 1x6=6
(a) Aristotle is regarded as the father of Political
Science. (Fill in the blank)
(b) Name one supporter of negative
liberty.
Ans:- John
Locke.
(c) Mention one feature of equality.
Ans:- Equal treatment under the law.
(d) Give one example of political
right.
Ans:- Right
to vote.
(e) Mention one difference between
citizen and alien.
Ans:- One difference between a
citizen and an alien is that a citizen has legal rights and protections within
the country, while an alien does not have the same rights and protections.
(f) Give one argument in favour of
national self-determination.
Ans:- An argument in favor of
national self-determination is that it allows a nation to govern itself and
make decisions based on its cultural, historical, and political values.
2.
Answer the following questions: 2x5=10
(a) Mention two aspects of liberty.
Ans:- There are two aspects of
freedom:-
(i) Negative liberty: It refers to the absence of
obstacles, barriers or constraints that may limit a person's actions. It
emphasizes freedom from external interference.
(ii) Positive liberty: It involves the presence of
conditions that enable individuals to pursue their goals and realize their full
potential. It emphasizes the freedom to achieve one's objectives.
(b) What do you mean by economic
inequality?
Ans:- Economic inequality refers to
the unequal distribution of economic resources such as income, wealth and
access to goods and services between individuals or groups within a society.
This may lead to inequalities in living standards and opportunities.
(c) Explain the meaning of social
justice.
Ans:- Social justice refers to the
fair distribution of wealth, opportunities and privileges within society. It
aims to ensure that everyone has equal access to resources and opportunities
and no one is unfairly deprived because of their social status, gender, caste
or other factors.
(d) Define politics.
Ans:- Politics is the study of
power, authority and governance in society. It includes the processes by which
decisions are made and implemented, often involving the distribution of
resources and the exercise of power by individuals, groups or institutions.
(e) Mention two features of
secularism.
Ans:- Secularism has two
characteristics:-
(i) Separation of church and
state:
Secularism ensures that religious institutions do not interfere with the
functioning of the state, and vice versa.
(ii) Equality of all religions: Secularism promotes the idea
that all religions are treated equally and no religion is given preference over
others by the state.
3.
Write a note on John Rawls' theory on justice. 4
Ans:- John Rawls' theory of justice,
which is outlined in his book A Theory of Justice, emphasizes on a fair and
just society.
Rawls proposes two main
principles:-
(i) Greatest equal liberty
principle:
Each individual should have an equal right to the broadest basic liberty
consistent with equal liberty for all. This includes freedoms such as speech,
assembly and conscience.
(ii) Second principle: It has
two parts:-
(a) Difference principle: Social and economic
inequalities should benefit the least advantaged members of society.
(b) Equal opportunity
principle:
Offices and positions should be open to all under conditions of fair equality
of opportunity.
Rawls uses the concept of "original position" and "veil
of ignorance" to ensure fairness in decision-making, where individuals
make choices without knowing their personal circumstances.
4.
Explain legal rights with examples. 4
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